EENGG 16 – Power System Analysis

Lesson 1:POWER TRANSFORMER

ENGR. RENE RAY A. ANDICOY, MEE
1st Semester, A.Y. 2023-2024

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME (ILO):

POWER TRANSFORMER

THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER
CONNECTIONS AND PHASE SHIFT
THREE-PHASE TWO-WINDING Y–Y
TRANSFORMER BANK
THREE-PHASE TWO-WINDING Y–Y
TRANSFORMER BANK
 THREE-PHASE TWO-WINDING Y–Y
TRANSFORMER BANK
In either a Y– Δ or
Δ –Y transformer,
positive-sequence
quantities on the high-
voltage side shall lead
their corresponding
quantities on the low-
voltage side by 30.
The positive-
sequence phasor
diagram shown in figure
can be constructed via
the following five steps.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y–Y
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 1. Assume
that balanced
positive-sequence
voltages are
applied to the Y
winding. Draw the
positive-sequence
phasor diagram for
these voltages.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y–Y
TRANSFORMERS
STEP 2. Move phasor
A–N next to terminals
A–N. Identify the ends
of this line in the same
manner as in the phasor
diagram. Similarly,
move phasors B–N and
C–N next to terminals
B–N and C–N.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y–Y
TRANSFORMERS
STEP 3. For each single-phase
transformer, the voltage across
the low-voltage winding must be
in phase with the voltage across
the high-voltage winding,
assuming an ideal transformer.
Therefore, draw a line next to
each low-voltage winding parallel
to the corresponding line already
drawn next to the high-voltage
winding.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y–Y
TRANSFORMERS
STEP 4. Label the ends of the lines drawn in Step
3 by inspecting the polarity marks. For example,
phase A is connected to dotted terminal H1, and A
appears on the right side of line A–N. Therefore,
phase a, which is connected to dotted terminal X1,
must be on the right side, and b on the left side of
line a–b. Similarly, phase B is connected to dotted
terminal H2, and B is down on line B–N. Therefore,
phase b, connected to dotted terminal X2, must be
down on line b–c. Similarly, c is up on line c–a.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y–Y
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 5. Bring the three

lines labeled in Step 4
together to complete the
phasor diagram for the
low-voltage D winding.
Note that VAN
leads Van by 30º in
accordance with the
American standard.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y– Δ
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 1. Assume that

balanced negative-
sequence voltages are
applied to the highvoltage
windings of the Y– Δ
transformer. Draw the
phasor diagram of
balanced negative-
sequence voltages,
which are applied to the Y
winding.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y– Δ
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 2. Move the

phasors A–N, B–N, and
C–N next to the high-
voltage Y windings.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y– Δ
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 3. For each

single-phase
transformer, draw a line
next to the low-voltage
winding that is parallel
to the line drawn in Step
2 next to the high
voltage winding.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y– Δ
TRANSFORMERS
STEP 4. Label the lines
drawn in Step 3. For
example, phase B,
which is connected to
dotted terminal H2, is
shown up on line B–N;
therefore phase b,
which is connected to
dotted terminal X2,
must be up on line b–c.
 PHASE SHIFT IN Y– Δ
TRANSFORMERS

STEP 5. Bring the lines

drawn in Step 4
together to form the
negativesequence
phasor diagram for the
low-voltage Δ winding.
POWER TRANSFORMER
PER-UNIT EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS OF BALANCED
THREE-PHASE TWO-WINDING TRANSFORMERS
 REFERENCES
Kaw, A. (2011). Introduction to Numerical Methods.
Textbook notes of Introduction to Numerical
Methods. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu