Encomiendas

• Encomiendas
-Economic system

• Encomenderos
• Encomiendas
-Economic system -System of land distribution

• Encomenderos
 Feudalism
-Social system

-started with the Sultanetes of Mindanao especially those of Sulu Maguindanao

The Spaniard instituted Feudalism on wider scale through the encomienda system during the latter part 18 th
century.
Cultivation of Commercial Crops
-Planting of certain crops
-Trade of agricultural crops
-Royal company of Spain
-Led to Hacienda System

Tobacco Monopoly
Papeletas or Certificates of Credits.
Hacienderos
-Spanish Church (215,000 hectares) (Manila Archiodesece 44,000 hectares)
-Spaniards
-The Chinese
-The Principalia (high social or political status) (The biggest landowners)
-The descendants of the datus and chiefs of the pre-Spanish era)
Chinese mestizos -concentrated mostly in Tondo, Cavite, Bulacan and
Pampanga
were next to the -A law prohibiting mestizos from engaging in trade
Spaniard as big
hacienderos -However, Spaniards revised their Anti-Chinese
policies.

In 1830
-Allowed the Chinese immigration
In 1834
-Philippines was opened to world trade.
- Chinese consulates was opened in Manila
Chinese built pariancillos
Chinese became landlords, Compradors, Chief Inquilinos
PRESIDENTIAL DECREEE NO. 27
Under the martial law and 1973 constitution

Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Proclamation No. 27 or The Tenant Emancipation

Decree “emancipating the tenant-farmers from the bondage of the soil” on the
21st day of October in 1972

- This decree empowered the Department of Agrarian Reform to expropriate

from landlords their rice and corn lands.

- After the martial law, the farmers become the owner of corn and rice reach
532, 153 total of 45 provinces
TENANT EMANCIPATION DECREE

 Under this decree, there is no more leasehold in tenanted rice and corn land,
the tiller becomes automatically the amortizing owner of the land

 Beneficiaries are the bona fide tenant-farmers of private agricultural lands

primarily devoted to rice and corn under the lease tenancy system

 Every family should own an economic family-sized farm

 Retention limit 7 hectares

Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program (CARP)
ISSUES
Despite of the positive results of carp, it has
issues that leads to negative impact on farmers…
• The government's Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
has resulted in substantial agricultural
land fragmentation, disempowering
farmers who lack the capital to sustain
production on their own while also
trying to meet their commitments in
order to obtain land titles.
• The land reform initiative was
intended to empower farmers by
providing them with their own land,
but it has had the opposite effect in the
22 years after it was put into law.
The CARP may not be a complete failure;
however, it possessed serious deficiencies to
succeed as an agenda on poverty reduction.
• Some of the landholdings that were handed to
ARBs (agrarian reform beneficiaries) were now
being unlawfully leased out, while others became
idle lands as farmers do not have the capital to
sustain production due to a lack of regular
distribution of support services to the
beneficiaries.
• Issues such as land valuation, 6 payment to landlords
and from beneficiaries, and access to support services
for improved agricultural production constitute a
setback to the greatest achievement of the reform
goals. This problem is compounded by the lack of a
more institutionalized support mechanism in the post-
distribution stage.
 B. THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
THE CONSTITUTION IS THE BASIC LAW OF THE LAND .IT IS SACRED
AND MUST HAVE TO BE DEFENDED BY THE PEOPLE .THE NATION,
COMPARED TO A THREE –STOREY BUILDING .HAS THE CONSTITUTION
AS ITS FONDATION ,AND SUCH IT HAS TO BE STRONG AND SHOULD
STAND THE TEST OF TIME

THESE ARE THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION DURING THE

REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF EMILIO AGUINALDO ,THE 1935
CONSTITUTION DURING THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD UNTIL ITS
REPLACEMENT BY THE 1973 CONSTITUTION UNDER THE MARCOS
PRESIDENCY ,AND THE EXISTING 1987 CONSTITUTION ,FRAMED
DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF CORAZON
Constitution
-body of rules and principles

-covers both written and unwritten constitution

-serves as the supreme or fundamental law, basic framework and

underlying principles of government
(private rights, public authority and government actions)

-serves framework in general way.

-to preserve and protect the rights

 Constitution
-direct from the people
-general framework of the
law and the government.
-not merely to meet
existing conditions, but to
govern the future
Statute
-from the representative of
the people
-details of the subject
-to meet existing conditions
only.
CLASSIFICATION AND
REQUISITES OF A GOOD
WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
THERE ARE THREE CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSITITUTION

AS TO ORIGIN AND HISTORY

AS A FORM, AND
AS TO MANNER OF AMENDING IT.
 AS TO ORIGIN AND HISTORY

CONSITITUTION MAY BE CONSITITUTIONAL

ENACTED BYCONSITITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY OR
GRANTED BY MONARCH TO HIS SUBJECT AND
CUMULATIVE OR EVOLVED. IF IT IS A PRODUCT OF
GROWTH OR A LONG PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT
ORIGINATING IN CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS, JUDICAL
DECISION RATHER FROM A DELIBERATE AND FORMAL
ENACTMENT.
 AS A FORM

CONSITITUTION MAY BE WRITTEN OR

UNWRITTEN. IT IS WRITTEN WHEN IT IS GIVEN
DEFINITE WRITTEN FORM PARTICULAR TIME. AND
UNWRITTEN, WHEN IT IS ENTIRELY THE PRODUCT OF
POLITICAL EVOLUTION. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE,
THAT NO CONSITITUTION IS ENTIRELY WRITTEN AND
UNWRITTEN.
 AS TO MANNER OF AMENDING

CONSITITUTION , IT MAY BE EITHER RIGID OR

INELASTIC, REGARDED AS A
DOCUMENT OD SPECIAL SANCITY WHICH CANNOT BE
AMENDED OR ALTERED EXCEPT BY SOME SPECIAL
MACHINERY MORE CUMBROUS THAN THE ORDINARY
LEGISLATIVE PROCESS.
 A GOOD WRITTEN CONSITITUTION MUST BE
BRIEF, BROAD, AND DEFINITE.A CONSTITUTION THAT
IS TOO DETAILED LOSES ITS ADVANTAGE AS A
FUNDAMENTAL LAW, MAY NEVER BE UNDERSTOOD
BY THE PUBLIC AND IT MAY NECESSITATE AMENDING
IT EVERY ONCE-IN –A – WHILE TO COVER MANY
FUTURE CONTIGENCIES
Malolos Congress
Malolos congress…
• Also known as the revolutionary congress,
formally known as NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
was the legislative body of the Philippine
Revolutionary Government.
• Aguinaldo assembled the Revolutionary
Congress
• Malolos Congress elections were held from
June 23 to September 10, 1898, and members
were elected. He appointed 50 delegates in all
(but this number fluctuated from time to
time)
• On September 15, 1898, at Barasoain Church
in Malolos, Bulacan, the Revolutionary
Congress was officially inaugurated.
Malolos congress…
• The constitution included safeguards
against abuses and enumerated national and
individual rights, not just for Filipinos but
also for foreigners. The legislative functions
were exercised by the Assembly of
Representatives, which was made up of
lawfully elected representatives.
• One of the first acts of the Revolutionary
Congress was the ratification on September
29, 1898 of the Philippine Declaration of
Independence against Spain which had been
proclaimed on June 12, 1898.
Malolos Constitution…
• Mabini had planned for the Revolutionary Congress to act only as
an advisory body to the president and submitted a draft of
Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic .[6] while
Paterno submitted a constitutional draft based on Spanish
Constitution of 1869. The Congress, however, began work to draft
a constitution. The resulting document, the Malolos Constitution,
was promulgated on January 21, 1899.[7] Its proclamation
resulted in the creation of the First Philippine Republic, which
replaced the Revolutionary Government.
The place where the congress was officially
inaugurated
THE FRAMING OF THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
THE FRAMING OF THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

- Known as the constitutiocion politica de malolos because it was written

in spanish

- Aguinaldo inaugurated the malolos congress at Malolos, Bulacan at the

Barasoain church

- Aguinaldo implied the framing of a constitution on June 18, 1898. (to

show the capacity of Filipinos for self-government and a revolutionary
government).
The congress approved the malolos constitution which is submitted by paterno the president and George araneta
as vice president (Chosen draft) The three draft constitution

Mabini plan- constitutional program of the Philippines republic and based in the statutes of universal masonry
Paterno plan- based on the Spanish cortes rules of 1868
Calderon plan – inspired by constitutions of belguim, mexico, Guatemala,coasta rica, brazil, and france
- Opposed by apolinario mabini, the prime minister of the revolutionary government

- Parified on nov 29, 1898, signed into law on dec 23, approved on jan 20, 1899.

- Which nullified the order issued under the authority of the biak-na-bato republic

- January 21, 1899- Aguinaldo by virtue his position and power as presidential of the revolutionary government of the
Philippines and captain general and commander in chief of the army and all the authorities.

- Aguinaldo decided to establish a Filipino government in the wake of his military victories (where produced an approximately
50,00 strong Philippine army)

- Separation of church and state- The delegates' democratic orientation was demonstrated by their vote on whether church
and state should be united.