Hydraulics and Pneumatics

Sysmex General Service Training
Hydraulics
Pneumatics
Sysmex Service Center
SGST I
Hydraulics / Pneumatics| Mr. Ronny Bibow, Ms. Stephanie Wolf
Contents
● 1.Hydraulics
● 2.Detector Block
● 3.Hydrodynamic focusing System
● 4.Pneumatic System
● 5.Tubings
2
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1.Hydraulics
● Master Valve
● Solenoid valve
● Diaphragm pump
● Reagent/waste chamber
● Non return valve
● Orifice
● SRV
● Syringe unit
3
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Master Valve
4
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Master Valve
● The master valve (MV) is indicated

by 2 boxed symbol in the hydraulic
circuit diagram.
● Left: indicates the “active”
condition
● When MV is activated by 2.2
kg/cm2 from the solenoid valve in
the on condition, suppose that the
left box is connected to the
hydraulic circuit.
5
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Master Valve
cylinder
valve seal head high
Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)
cylinder Common in
head low
mini Y mini Y
packing packing
manifold
EXH 2.2 kg/cm pressure from SV
2
6
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Master Valve (2/3)
Common in
2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV
EXH
7
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Master Valve (2/3)
Common in
EXH
8
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Master Valve (2/3)
Common in
EXH 9
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Master Valve (2/3)
Common in
EXH
10
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Master Valve (2/3)
Common in
EXH
11
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Master Valve
● Maintenance:
• The cylinder heads should be cleaned or
replaced if necessary.
• When there is no pressure the piston heads
should be lifted up
by the tension of the spring coil.
valve seal
cylinder
head
mini Y
packing
manifold
12
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Solenoid Valve 1
● This type of solenoid valve is mainly used in Sysmex pocH-100i

instruments and XS instruments.
● The coil is driving a piston to the valve head directly. The valve
activates fluids, vacuum and air pressure.
● Maintenance:
• None. valve coil
valve seal
13
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Solenoid Valve 2
● Two types of solenoid

valves (3-port and 5-port types)
are used in the pneumatic system.
● Solenoid valves are operated
electronically by applying 12V DC.
● It is used to control the pneumatic
pressure to drive master valves,
air cylinder, or air bubble mixing.
14
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Solenoid Valve 2
● When this type of valve is activated “COM” (common) port is

connected with “NC” port, and when it is deactivated “COM”
port is connected with “NO” port. “COM” port is connected to
2,2 kg/cm² pressure.
5 way 3 way
15
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Solenoid Valve
● Maintenance:
• Verify the outside view and replace it, if its corroded or it has
crystallised salt.
rubber
packing!
solenoid
valve
16
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Diaphragm Pump
● Diaphragm pumps are having a hydraulic and a pneumatic

side. Either pressure or vacuum is supplied.
● If vacuum is supplied a fixed volume of liquid is aspirated
by diaphragm pump.
● If pressure is supplied the fixed volume of liquid is
dispensed from the diaphragm pump.
● Maintenance:
• None
17
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Reagent Chamber
● Glass chambers are used as

waste chambers, diluents
chambers and Lyse reagent
chambers.
● Vacuum is applied into these
chambers to aspirate or
prime the liquid.
● Float switch is provided to monitor
the level of liquid.
● Maintenance:
• Clean the waste chambers according to the p.M. List.
18
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Non Return Valve
● The non return valve

permits hydraulic flow
In only one direction
(from A to B in fig 1.29) .
19
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Orifice 1/2
● The orifice is made of plastic

or ceramic material and has
a specific hole in it.
● An orifice controls the
rate of air flow or the
volume of air with respect
of time.
● SYSMEX automated analysers
are equipped with vacuum
orifice open to air to stabilise
internal vacuum .
20
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Orifice 2/2
● Maintenance:
• Clean the orifice when necessary or according to the
preventive maintenance list.
21
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Sample Rotor Valve (1)
● The sample rotor

valve comprised
of three sections:
● The rotor valve and
2 fixed valves.
● In its initial position the SRV is filled
with whole
blood. In the next sequence the rotor
valve rotates and the blood samples
are segmented and aligned with the
corresponding dilution ports.
22
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Sample Rotor Valve (2)
● Maintenance:
• Remove the SRV fixing screw. Disassemble the 3 parts
carefully. Clean the contact surfaces and nipples with de-
ionised water. Take a tooth brush. Rinse the SRV with de-
ionised water and reassemble the SRV (wet).
• Refer to p. M. Procedure.
• Be sure that dust and
dirt are completely
removed
SRV fixed
valve
Fixing Screw
Rotor
valve
23
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Syringe Unit (1/2)
● The injector piston consist

stepper
of a cylinder head, piston motor
and stepper motor.
● The syringe unit is used
to supply a certain volume
cylinder
of the diluted sample to
head
the aperture of flow-cell
● The volume is controlled fixing nut
with
by a stepper motor packing
piston
24
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Syringe Unit (1/2)
● The injector piston consist Cylinde

r
of a cylinder head, piston
and stepper motor. Pisto
n
● The syringe unit is used
to supply a certain volume
Stepper
of the diluted sample to Motor
the aperture or Flow-cell Piston

Guide
● The volume is controlled
by a stepper motor Timin
g belt
25
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Syringe Unit (2/2)
● Maintenance:
• Replace the Teflon seal (seal no. 18) and o-rings if necessary refer to
the maintenance plan
Teflon seal
fixing nut
26
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Whole Blood Pump Unit
● The syringe unit is used to aspirate the whole

blood for the open and closed mode
Cylinder
head
Piston
Stepper
motor
(aspiration)
Up and
down
mechanism
27
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Piston Unit
● As shown in the previous slide,

this unit, driven by a stepper motor
is responsible of the whole blood
aspiration. nipple
cylinder
head
cylinder
fixture
piston
joint
cylinder
28
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2. Detector Block
● Transducer
● Manometer
● Isolation Chamber
29
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Transducer
● Diluted samples of WBC and RBC

are dispensed into transducer
chambers, mixed by air bubbles
and a constant volume of the
sample is aspirated through the aperture.
● For example: in SYSMEX KX-21 aperture hole for RBC/PLT =>
75 m aperture hole for WBC => 100 m
● Maintenance:
• Clean the aperture with SYSMEX
Cellclean and transducer brush.
• Refer to p. M. Procedure !
30
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Manometer
● SYSMEX is using a manometer for cells

count to secure a constant and exact
amount of diluted sample is aspirated
by the transducer chamber through the
aperture.
● The measurement is done in the terms of travel. Sample is
aspirated though the aperture while the ball float travels from
“A” count start and
sensor to “B” count stop sensor.
● Maintenance:
• None
• (just verify that there are no
31
Air bubbles in the manometer)
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Isolation Chamber
● Isolation chambers are used to

isolate the liquid in the detector
block from the remaining hydraulic
lines in the system, in order to
avoid being influenced by the
external noise through the
hydraulic lines.
● Maintenance:
• Remove it and clean with
alcohol and de-ionised
water if necessary. 32
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3.Hydrodynamic Focusing System
A coincidence occurs when more than one cell passes

Through the counting aperture / Flow cell. A sheath
Reagent is used to force the blood sample to go straight
through the aperture. A more exact detection of the
cells is guarantied. (Laser detection method).
33
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A coincidence occurs when more than one cell passes

Through the counting aperture / flow cell. A sheath
Reagent is used to force the blood sample to go straight
through the aperture. A more exact detection of the
cells is guarantied. (Laser detection method).
34
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35
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4. Pneumatic System
● Pneumatic unit
● Regulator
● Air Dryer
● Bellow Unit
● Air Cylinder
36
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4. Pneumatic System
37
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Pneumatic Unit
● The pneumatic unit is

used to supply pressure
gauge
vacuum and pressure
needed in SYSMEX pressure
analysers. regulator
Every instrument has its vacuum

own type of pneumatic gauge
unit.
Generally the pressure trap
should be adjusted to 2 chamber
kg/cm².
shipping
And the unregulated screws
vacuum at around 450
tubing
mmHg connection 38
SGST I
Pneumatic Unit
● SYSMEX is using a Toshiba piston pump to produce pressure

and vacuum
● Maintenance: if necessary or every two years (cleaning and
replacement of piston ring)
Gasket
Piston ring
Leaf valve
Piston
Motor
39
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Pneumatic Unit
Piston ring
40
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Air Pressure Regulator
● Regulators are used to adjust the air flow

rate .
● Two different regulators are used; With
and without filter.
● Filters purpose is to separate water from
air.
● Maintenance:
• Clean or replace the
• Air filter if necessary.
Regulator
with filter Regulator
without
filter
41
SGST I
Air Filter and Drier
● Air filter purpose is to separate water from

air.
● Air Drier will evaporate moisture in
pressurized air
● Maintenance:
• Clean or replace the
• Air filter if necessary.
Air
Drier
Air
Filter
42
SGST I
Bellow Unit
● The bellow unit is attached to the air tank for stabilising the
inner vacuum.
● Maintenance:
• Clean the bellow unit every 3 to 6 months.
• => Disassemble the bellow unit and clean the bellow's needle and
metal bellows with ethyl alcohol.
adjustme
nt needle
bellow
air flow
43
SGST I
Air Cylinder
● The air cylinder is used for

• Driving the sample rotor valve
• Sampler assemblies
• Injector pistons
Drawing of an
air cylinder
44
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5.Tubing's
● Polyurethane tubing
● Teflon tubing
● Silicon tubing
● Junlon tubing
45
SGST I
Tubing's (1/5)
● Depending upon their multiple applications, different

kind of tubes are used in the Sysmex blood cell
counters.
● For aggressive reagents we use appropriately
resistant tubes (the life time of the instrument).
● For air pressure we use proportionally strong tubes
for the applied pressure.
● It is therefore extremely important to always use the
originally recommended tubes, otherwise malfunction
of instruments will occur.
● The most important tubes used in our instruments
are:
• POLYURETHANE, POLYETHYLENE, TEFLON, SILICONE,
TOALONE, and the JUNLON TUBE. And their functions on
their characteristics are discussed as follows.
46
SGST I
Tubing's (2/5)
• This tube is transparent.
• This is the most common tube in our analyzers with a
very high durability. It is found in almost all pressure,
vacuum lines and in almost all hydraulic lines, apart
from those carrying reagents more aggressive than
cellpack cellsheath or manoresh.
• Therefore this tube should not be used for
applications with stromatolyser GL, cellpack GL and
stromatolyser 3WP, otherwise their reactions could
damage the tube and background errors will thus
occur.
47
SGST I
Tubing's (2/5)
• Properties: very long life time. Wear and tear of
this material is easy. No plasticizer so no
contamination of reagent . resistant against solvents(
benzene, oil, glycerin).
• Resistant against ozone, oxygen and UV lights.
Flexible from -20°C up to 80°C.
48
SGST I
Tubing's (3/5)
● Teflon tubing
• This tube is milky colored, a semi translucent and
stiff material.
• The Teflon tube is most of the times used in our
instruments for small amounts of liquid. They are
used in blood aspiration lines and lyse reagents
lines.
• When fixing a Teflon tube on a metal nipple we
should make the tube a little wider with the
provided awl, otherwise we make a burr inside
the tube.
• Properties: resistant against almost all
chemicals, aging , very high temperatures (288°)
and UV lights, very small diameter tubes are
available.
49
SGST I
Tubing's (4/5)
● Silicone tubing
• It is a soft milky colored tube, tasteless and odorless.
• The silicone tube is very flexible and mainly used in
pinch valves ; but , we also in some other
applications.
• Due to the high flexibility of this tube, take care not
to pinch it in the system and not to use it between
nipple and polyethylene tube.
• Properties: this tube is very flexible -resistant against
almost all solvents, UV lights and all weather
influence - no plasticizers so no migration in reagents
- chemically neutral - used from -60°C up to 200°C
–.
50
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Tubing's (5/5)
● Tube Junlon.
• It is a milky colored, waxy and stiff tube.
• This tube is used in the compressor unit for pressure lines,
therefore in a hot area.
• Properties. Resistant against high temperatures (80 to
100°C and in some cases up to 170°C) - resistant to
pressures up to 500 kg/cm² .
51
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
52
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
53
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
54
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
55
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
56
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
57
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
58
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
59
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
60
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
61
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
62
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
63
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
64
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
65
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
66
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
67
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
68
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Diluent
Chamber Pressure
SV 1
MV 2
Pressure
Vacuum
HGB Cell DP 1 MV 1
69
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Flow Diagram (example K-21 seq.1)
70
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Conclusion
● Solenoid valves activate master valves and air

cylinders.
● Master valves control the fluid lines.
● Diaphragm pumps aspirate and dispense fluids.
● Injector piston aspirate and dispense fluids .
● Sample rotor valves segments whole blood from the
aspiration line.
● Non-mercury volumetric manometer is used to
utilise volume measurements.
● Transducers detect the counted cells.
71
SGST I
Conclusion
72

Hydraulics and Pneumatics

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Sysmex General Service Training

● The master valve (MV) is indicated

Master Valve (2/3)

Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)

2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV

Master Valve (2/3)

Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)

2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV

Master Valve (2/3)

Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)

2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV

Master Valve (2/3)

Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)

2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV

Master Valve (2/3)

Out 2 (N.C.) Out 1 (NO)

2.2 kg/cm2 pressure from SV

● This type of solenoid valve is mainly used in Sysmex pocH-100i

● Two types of solenoid

● When this type of valve is activated “COM” (common) port is

● Diaphragm pumps are having a hydraulic and a pneumatic

● Glass chambers are used as

Non Return Valve

● The non return valve

● The orifice is made of plastic

Sample Rotor Valve (1)

● The sample rotor

Sample Rotor Valve (2)

Syringe Unit (1/2)

● The injector piston consist

Syringe Unit (1/2)

● The injector piston consist Cylinde

the aperture or Flow-cell Piston

Syringe Unit (2/2)

Whole Blood Pump Unit

● The syringe unit is used to aspirate the whole

● As shown in the previous slide,

● Diluted samples of WBC and RBC

● SYSMEX is using a manometer for cells

● Isolation chambers are used to

3.Hydrodynamic Focusing System

A coincidence occurs when more than one cell passes

3.Hydrodynamic Focusing System

A coincidence occurs when more than one cell passes

3.Hydrodynamic Focusing System

● The pneumatic unit is

Every instrument has its vacuum

● SYSMEX is using a Toshiba piston pump to produce pressure

Air Pressure Regulator

● Regulators are used to adjust the air flow

Air Filter and Drier

● Air filter purpose is to separate water from

● The air cylinder is used for

● Depending upon their multiple applications, different

Flow Diagram (example K-21 seq.1)

● Solenoid valves activate master valves and air

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