Module 5

Main Idea
&
Supporting Details
 Studying Celebrating Maintaining Hobbies for Celebrating
effectively Christmas friendships students New Year

• Exchanging gifts • making resolutions • preparing fruit bowl • photography • Sports

• spending time • communicating
• Taking notes • going to misa de gallo • Showing appreciation
together regularly
• attending classes
• Watching fireworks • vlogging • Eating Media Noche • carolling
regularly
• Playing an instrument
• Building trust • asking questions • decorating homes • Finding a study buddy
 Studying Celebrating Maintaining Hobbies for Celebrating
effectively Christmas friendships students New Year

Finding a study Exchanging gifts Building trust vlogging Watching fireworks

buddy

Taking notes decorating homes spending time photography making resolutions

together

asking questions going to misa de communicating Sports preparing fruit bowl

gallo regularly

attending classes carolling Showing Playing an Eating Media

regularly appreciation instrument Noche
Considering the parts of this table, how are they
similar with the parts of a simple paragraph?
Studying effectively

Finding a attending
study classes
buddy
regularly
Taking
notes asking questions
 MAIN IDEA
• It is the point of the paragraph. It is the
most important thought about the topic.
• The main idea of a paragraph is the
author's message about the topic. It is
often directly, or it can be implied.
 MAIN IDEA
is the most important thought or the “key
concept” of the paragraph. It can be found in
the beginning, middle or end of a paragraph,
and is often expressed in a topic sentence or the
sentence that reveals the main idea of the
paragraph. It can also be implied or indirectly
stated. If it is implied, you have to express it in
your own words.
 TOPIC
the subject being talked about in
a paragraph
TOPIC SENTENCE
the sentence that reveals the
main idea of the paragraph
Topic Topic Sentence Main Idea

Students spend lots

of time playing
computer games
Students are
Students’ bad habit daily without
ruining their lives
of playing computer realizing that they
playing computer
Games are spending less
games.
time bonding with
their family or doing
their homework.
 SUMMARY
the brief restatement of a text that includes
key information and is written in your own
words
is a brief restatement of a text that includes its key information and is
written in your own words. Writing a summary helps you distinguish
essential from irrelevant ideas and shorten a large text to create a concise
version.
Before writing a summary, you must understand the text and use your skill
in getting the main idea and the supporting details.
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
Supporting Details provide information to
clarify, prove, or explain the main idea. These
details demonstrate the validity of the main
idea. They often list parts, aspects, steps, or
examples of the main idea. Or sometimes
they may list the causes of it, effects from it,
or ways in which it shows itself to be true
 Paragraph Structure Diagram
INVERTED TRIANGLE

It is very easy to fry

TOPIC SENTENCE an egg.

SUPPORTING DETAILS
Heat the pan

Put the oil in the pan.

Crack the egg.

Sprinkle salt.

Your breakfast is ready.

 TRIANGLE/ PYRAMID

SUPPORTING DETAILS
She has huge following.

She plays instruments.

She can sing well.

Her songs are captivating.

She writes her own songs.

Taylor swift is the

best artist
TOPIC SENTENCE
 DIAMOND
SUPPORTING DETAILS
The foods and services are great.

Jollibee is the greatest

TOPIC SENTENCE fast-food chain in the
Philippines.

SUPPORTING DETAILS
It has 1500 branches worldwide.
 IMPLIED
“MAIN IDEA IS IMPLIED
ALL THROUGHOUT THE
PARAGRAPH.
CONSTRUCT YOUR
OWN BASED ON THE
TEXT.”
 HOURGLASS
TOPIC SENTENCE

K pop artist are great

performers.

In a 2022 survey conducted in

26 countries, around 46 percent
respondents stated that kpop
SUPPORTING DETAILS
idols are very popular.

K pop artist are great

entertainers.

TOPIC SENTENCE
Paragraph 1
Before touching the medical mask, clean your hands with alcohol-
based hand rub or soap and water. After that, inspect the mask for
tears and holes; do not use a mask that has previously worn or is
damaged. Next, verify which side is the top: this is usually where
the metal strip is. Then, identify the inside of the mask, which is
usually the white side. Once identified, place the mask on your
face covering your nose, mouth, and chin, making sure there are
no gaps between your face and the mask. Finally, pinch the metal
strip so that it molds to the shape of your nose. Remember not to
touch the front of the mask while using it to avoid contamination.
If you accidentally touch it, clean your hands.
 STEPS
1. Identify the topic, the subject being
talked about, of the paragraph.
2. If the main idea is implied, you have 2. a. Repeated/ related words, phrases,
to do the following:
a. Locate any repeated/ related words,
phrases, or ideas.
b. Identify the connection of these
repeated/ related words, phrases, and
ideas.
c. Write the main idea by stating what
the author is saying about the topic.
EXAMPLES:
1. Topic: steps in wearing medical mask
or ideas:
• “Before,” “After,” “Next,” “Then,”
“Once,”
• Each sentence is giving instructions.
b. Connection: The related words or
ideas state instructions and arranged
by the transitional words that indicate
time.
c. Main idea: These are the steps in
properly wearing a medical mask.
 STEPS EXAMPLES:
3. Look for the 3. Supporting details:
details that a. Before touching the medical mask, clean your hands with alcohol-
clarify or based hand rub or soap and water.
explain the b. After that, inspect the mask for tears and holes; do not use a mask
main idea. that has previously worn or is damaged.
c. Next, verify which side is the top: this is usually where the metal strip
is.
d. Then, identify the inside of the mask, which is usually the white side.
e. Once identified, place the mask on your face covering your nose,
mouth, and chin, making sure there are no gaps between your face and
the mask.
f. Finally, pinch the metal strip so that it molds to the shape of your nose.
g. Remember not to touch the front of the mask while using it to avoid
contamination.
h. If you accidentally touch it, clean your hands.
Paragraph 2
Government agencies continue to report new cases of personnel. There
are 15 Metro Rail Transit workers in Manila and personnel at La
Trinidad, Benguet municipal hall, prompting authorities to place a
lockdown. Department of Justice in Manila is on temporary lockdown
after 5 employees were confirmed positive. Over 490 police personnel
have tested positive, while 8 have died. There is also continued rise of
COVID-19 cases at the Bureau of Corrections, with 141 inmates and 38
detention facility staff at the New Bilibid prison and 84 inmates and 7
staff at the Women's Correctional Institute for Women testing positive
as of June 15.
 STEPS EXAMPLES:
1. Identify the topic, the subject being 1. Topic: report of new cases in
talked about, of the paragraph. government agencies
2. If the main idea is implied, you have 2. Main idea: Government agencies
to do the following: continue to report new cases of
a. Locate any repeated/ related words, personnel.
phrases, or ideas.
b. Identify the connection of these
repeated/ related words, phrases, and
ideas.
c. Write the main idea by stating what
the author is saying about the topic.
 STEPS EXAMPLES:
3. Look for the Supporting details:
details that a. There are 15 Metro Rail Transit workers in Manila and personnel at La
clarify or Trinidad, Benguet municipal hall, prompting authorities to place a
explain the lockdown.
main idea. b. Department of Justice in Manila is on temporary lockdown after 5
employees were confirmed positive. Over 490 police personnel have
tested positive, while 8 have died.
c. There is also continued rise of COVID-19 cases at the Bureau of
Corrections, with 141 inmates and 38 detention facility staff at the New
Bilibid prison and 84 inmates and 7 staff at the Women's Correctional
Institute for Women testing positive as of June 15.
Paragraph 1
The movie Apollo 13 was a blockbuster for the
summer of 1995. It is an exciting story about
space exploration. In the movie, the
astronauts get in trouble while they are trying
to return to Earth. People in the audience are
on the edge of their seats waiting to see what
happens. What makes it even more exciting is
that it is a true story.
Paragraph 2
Most teenagers and young adults do not know what
they want to do for the rest of their lives. It is a big
decision. There are a number of things you can do to
narrow the choices. For example you can take an
interest test, do some research on your own about a
career, try volunteer work in the field in which you are
interested, or “job-shadow”, in which you spend a day
with a person who is working in a field that interests
you. These are just a few helpful ideas as you begin to
choose a career.
Paragraph 3
The United States seems to be in love with the idea of going
out to eat. Because of this, a real variety of restaurants has
come about specializing in all kinds of foods. McDonald’s is
the king of a subgroup of restaurants called fast-food
restaurants. Chances are, no matter where you live, there is
a McDonald’s restaurant near you. There are even
McDonald’s in the Soviet Union. Now McDonald’s is trying
something new. It is called McDonald’s Express and there is
a test site in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is part of a Mobil
gas station. This allows you to fill up with gas and fill up on
food at the same time. What will they think of next?
 STEPS IN SUMMARIZING
1. Identify the main idea/s.
2. Look for the essential details necessary for supporting the
main idea/s.
3. List and arrange the key points (main idea/s and essential
details necessary for supporting the main idea/s).

4. Write a shortened version of the text in your own words.

Combine words or ideas.
 Assignment: Module 5

a. “Let’s Dig In” Paragraphs 1 & 2,

pages 6-7
b. “Let’s Evaluate” Paragraphs 1-3,
pages 9-10