GREEN FIELD PUBLIC SCHOOL

G-BLOCK , GOVINDPURAM , GZB

reflection of light on plain mirror

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

MR. TAPESH PREET BANSAL
PGT- PHYSICS CLASS- 12A
ROLL NO.-
 Acknowledgement
I selected this project as a part of my studies. As
gratitude, convey my sincere thanks to our Physics
teacher Mr. TAPESH , who was my constant guide during
the period of study and without whose help it would not
have been Possible for me to complete the project.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that PREET BANSAL a student of Class XII
of GREEN FIELD PUBLIC SCHOOL G-BLOCK , GOVINDPURAM
GHAZIABAD Roll no ________ , Session 2023-24 , has
satisfactorily completed The required Physics project work
as per the Syllabus of standard XII.

DATE: TEACHER SIGNATURE

 INDEX

SR. NO. PAGE SEQUENCE PAGE NO.

1. Certificate 1
2. Acknowledgement 2
3. Aim 3
4. Introduction 4-5
5. Theory 6
6. Material Required 7
7. Procedure 8
8. Observation 9
9. Application 10
10. Precaution 11
11. Conclusion 11
12.
 AIM
A Periscope is an instrument for observation over , around or through an object, obstacle or
condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.
 INTRODUCTION
In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each
end set parallel to each other at a 45° angle. This form of periscope,
with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes
in the trenches during World War I. Military personnel also use
periscopes in some gun turrets and in armoured vehicles.
More complex periscopes, using prisms and advanced fiber optics
instead of mirrors, and providing magnification, operate on submarines
and in various fields of science. The overall design of the
classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed
into each other. If the two telescopes have different individual
magnification, the difference between them causes an overall
magnification or reduction.
 HISTORY
In 1854 Marie-Davy invented the first naval periscope, consisting of a
vertical tube with two small mirrors fixed at each end at 45°. Simon
Lake used periscopes in his submarines in 1902.
 THEORY
A periscope is an optical instrument that uses a system of prisms,
lenses, or mirrors to reflect images through a tube. Light from a
distant object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle
of 90 degrees down the periscope tube.
 MATERIAL REQUIRED
• Cardboard
• Duct Tape
• Scissors
• Mirrors
• Cardboard Cutter
• Ruler
• Pencil
 PROCEDURE
1. Make a tall, rectangular tube out of your card board . The ends should be left
open. Use one of the small mirrors to see how wide your tube needs to be. Use
duct tape to secure your cardboard tube.
2. Cut a flap on opposite ends and sides of your box . This flap should be the same
height as your mirrors.
3. Tape a mirror to the inside of each flap.
4. Cut away the side of the cardboard opposite each flap.
5. Angle both mirror flaps inward about 30 degrees . Look through the bottom of the
periscope to see that what is seen on the top mirror is also reflected on
the bottom mirror.
6. Secure the mirror flaps with duct tape once you're happy with the angle
 OBSERVATION
When you look an object, you see it because the light from
the sun or a lamp reflects off the object and goes into your
eye . If the object is round a corner, you can't see it
anymore because the light reflecting off the object can't get
into your eye . That's why you need a periscope. A periscope
uses mirrors to reflect the light from the object around the
corner and into your eye
 APPLICATIONS
• Used in submarines to look over the surface of water.
• Used in battlefields to look over the trenches without exposing
the body of the observer.
 PRECAUTION
• Use the cardboard cutter carefully while cutting the cardboard.
• Fix the mirror at 45* properly.

CONCLUSION
It means that the light hitting a mirror at an angle is reflected off
at twice the angle of the mirror. Fora periscope the 45 degree
mirror reflects light rays throughout 90 degrees
BIBLIOGRAPHY