HUMAN RIGHTS

SCOPE OF THE LESSON

A. MEANING OF HUMAN RIGHTS
B. THREE (3) CATEGORIES OF HUMAN
RIGHT
C. CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHT
D. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
E. COMPOSITION ON HUMAN
RIGHTS
Human Rights are the supreme, inherent and
inalienable rights to life, to dignity and to self-
development. It is the essence of these rights that
make man human.
 Three (3) categories of Human
Rights
1. Free Form the government violation of the
integrity of person
Torture
Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
Arbitrary arrest or imprisonment
Denial of affair public trial and
Invasions of home
2. Rights to the fulfillment of vital needs
Food
Shelter
Health care and
Education
3. The right to enjoy civil and political
liberties
Freedom of thought, of religion and of
assembly;
Freedom of speech;
Freedom of the press;
Freedom to take part in one’s government.
 Classification of rights
1. According to Source:
 Natural rights
 Constitutional rights
 Statutory rights
 Legal rights
2. According to Recipient:
 Individual rights
 Collective rights
3. According to the aspect of life:
 Civil rights
 Political rights
 Cultural rights
 Constitutional Provisions on
Human Rights
Article II – Declaration of Principles and State policies

Sec. 1 – The Philippines is a democratic and Republican State Sovereignty

resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
Sec. 2 – The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy,
adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the
law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice,
freedom, cooperation and amity with all nations.
Sec. 4 – The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people.
The government may call upon the people to defend the state and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided
by law, to render personal military or civil service.
Sec. 5 – The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and
property and the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the
enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.
Sec. 11 – The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees
full respect for human rights.
 B. Article III – Bill of Rights
Sec. 1 – No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the
law.
Sec. 2 – The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, paper,
and effect against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature
and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally
by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the compliant
and the witnesses the persons or things to seized.
Sec. 4 – No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble
and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Sec. 5 – No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil
or political rights.
Sec. 6 – the liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the
court. Neither shall be the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law
 Article III – Bill of Rights
Sec. 8 – The right of the people, including those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not
contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Sec. 9 – Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Sec. 12 (1) – Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense
shall have the right to be informed of his right remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the
person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one.
These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.
Sec. (2) – No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means
which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.
Sec. 14 (1) – No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
to process of law.
Sec. 15 – The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in case of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Sec. 17 – No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Sec. 19 (1) – Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or
inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless,
for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter
provides for it.