Cells Transport to reach EQUILIBRIUM

2 types:
 Passive Transport  Active Transport
= =
NO ENERGY ENERGY Required
 Down (with) Gradient: 
Up (against) gradient:
High to Low
Low to HIGH
 3 Kinds:
 Diffusion  1 Kind:
 Osmosis  PUMP
 Facilitated Diffusion
 Diffusion
 Form of PASSIVE transport- NO ENERGY NEEDED
 Movement of particles from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
across a semi permeable membrane
 When the particles are equally distributed, the solution
reaches equilibrium
 Osmosis = Diffusion of water
 Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi
permeable membrane
 Moves by a concentration gradient from HIGH to
LOW = PASSIVE
 There are three

types of solutions,
isotonic solutions,
hypotonic solutions,
hypertonic solutions
 How WATER moves!
Water Always moves from a High concentration
of itself to a LOW concentration of itself

THIS MEANS IT MOVES TOWARDS HIGH SOLUTE

CONCENTRATION

“Salt sucks”, wherever there is high salt, that’s

where water is heading!
 Cells in a Hypertonic Solution
 The concentration of dissolved substances
outside the cell is higher than the
concentration inside the cell.
 More water inside the cell
 Water leaves the cell
 Cells will shrink
Cells in an Isotonic Solution

 The concentration of dissolved

substances in the solution is the
same as the concentration of
dissolved substances inside the
cell
 Equal
 Cells in a Hypotonic Solution
 The concentration of dissolved substances is
lower in the solution outside the cell, than
the concentration inside the cell.
 More water outside the cell, than inside the
cell
 Water moves into the cell
 The cell will swell
CARD SORT AND
COMMENT
YOU HAVE CARDS ON YOUR
TABLE WORK AS A TEAM,
DISCUSS AND WRITE YOUR
COMMENTS
 Why does water move like this?

How does this relate to the Kool-Aid?

Affects on Diffusion
 The more concentrated the substances, the more rapidly
diffusion occurs
 The higher the temperature, the more rapidly diffusion
occurs
 The more pressure, the more rapidly diffusion occurs
 Facilitated Diffusion = PASSIVE
 The facilitation of diffusion (High to LOW)
of particles using transport proteins
 Large molecules
must go through
transport proteins
Called Channel
Proteins
 Active Transport
 Particles moving AGAINST
the concentration
gradient which REQUIRES
ENERGY (ATP)
 Low concentration to high
concentration
Why active transport?
Active transport is usually associated with
accumulating high
concentrations of molecules that the cell
needs, such as ions and amino acids. To keep a HIGH
concentration, requires ENERGY!

 Ex. If you are going on a

long trip, why would you
pack a lot of clothes?
Is it worth the energy it takes to cram them in your
suitcase?
 Sodium Potassium pump
 In order to maintain the cell membrane potential, cells keep
a low concentration of sodium ions and high levels of
potassium ions within the cell (intracellular).

The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 sodium ions out and moves 2

potassium ions in
What’s What?