CHAPTER ONE

An Overview Of Organizational
Behavior

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 Topics
– Concepts of Management and Organization

– Definition of OB

– Scope of Organizational Behavior

– Historical Development (reading assignment)

– Contributing Disciplines to the field of OB

– Challenges and Opportunities for OB

– The Organizational System

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 Concepts of Management and Organization

What is management and Managers

– Management is an art of getting jobs done though
and with people in organizations.
– Manager: Individuals who achieve goals through
other people.

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 …Management

What Managers Do

• Managerial Activities
– Make decisions
– Allocate resources
– Direct activities of others to attain goals
– Perform managerial functions

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 …Management

Where Managers Work

• A consciously coordinated social unit
composed of two or more people that functions
on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a
common goal or set of goals----Organization

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 So….link b/n OB and O/M

– OB offers both challenges and opportunities for

managers.
– It can help improve quality and employee productivity.

– It offers specific insights to improve a manager’s

people skills.
– OB can offer managers guidance in creating an
ethically healthy work climate.
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 Definition of OB

– OB is a systematic study of the actions and

reactions of individuals, groups and subsystems.
– O.B. is the systematic study and careful
application of knowledge about how people- as
individuals and as members of groups –act within
organizations.

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 Definition of OB

– O.B. is a field of study that investigates the impact

that individuals, groups and structures have on
behavior within organizations for the purpose of
applying such knowledge towards improving an
organization's effectiveness.

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 Scope of OB

OB covers all the areas of explaining,

understanding, predicting, maintaining, and
changing employee behavior in an
organizational setting

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 Scope of OB

Three elements of organizational behavior:

1. Individual
2. Group, and
3. Organization itself(structure)

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 Scope of OB

Specific areas covered by OB includes:

 Structure and processes,
 Learning,
 Attitude development
 Perception,
 Change processes,
 Conflict,
 Work design, and
 Work stress.

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Contributing Disciplines to the field of OB

Psychology
– is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and
sometimes change the behavior of humans and
other animals.

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 Learning
Motivation
Personality
Emotions
Perception
Training
Leadership effectiveness
Job satisfaction
Psychology Individual decision Individuals
making
Performance appraisal
Attitude measurement
Employee selection
Work design
Work stress

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 …Contributing Disciplines

Sociology
– Study the social system in which individuals fill
their roles; that is, sociology studies people in
relation to their fellow human beings.

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 Group dynamics
Work teams
Communication
Power Group
Conflict
Inter-group
behavior
Sociology
Formal organization Organizatio
theory n
Organizational system
technology
Organization change
Organizational
culture 15
 …Contributing Disciplines

Social Psychology
• Focuses on the influence of people on one
another.
• Psychology and sociology

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 Behavioral change
Attitude change
Social
psychology Communication Group

Group processes
Group decision making

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 …Contributing Disciplines

Anthropology
– The study of societies to learn about human
beings and their activities

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 Comparative values
Group
Comparative attitudes
Cross-cultural analysis

Anthropology

Organizational culture
Organizational Organization
environment system

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 …Contributing Disciplines

Political Science
– The study of the behavior of individuals and
groups within a political environment.

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 Conflict
Political Intra-organizational Organization
Science system
politics
Power

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 Challenges and Opportunities for OB

1. Responding to Globalization

Bosses, peers, and other

Foreign assignment. employees with
different cultures

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 C and O for OB

2. Managing workforce Diversity

Heterogeneous in terms of
gender, race, ethnicity, and
Changing demographics
.

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 C and O for OB

3. Improving Quality and Productivity

Total quality management and

reengineering-programs

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 C and O for OB

4. Improving People Skills &customer service

Ways to motivate people, and how to

create more effective teams

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 C and O for OB

5. Empowering People

Managers being called coaches, advisers,

sponsors, or facilitators.

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 C and O for OB

6. Coping with changes

• The length of time between changes

• Change is an ongoing activity for most managers

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 C and O for OB

7. Stimulating Innovation and Change

Foster innovation and master the art of change

And
Maintain their flexibility, continually improve
their quality, and beat their completion

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 C and O for OB

8. Improving Ethical Behavior

Codes of ethics to guide employees

And
Create an ethically healthy climate for his or her
employees

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c The Organizational System

• Understanding of organizational behavior requires:

– An understanding of human behavior and
– An understanding of the organizational context
• To see organizational context in w/c behavior is acted:
• Organizations are presented as systems
• The formal and informal organization

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 Organizations are presented as systems

• Organization have:

people External forces

purpose

technology
structure

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 The formal and informal organization

• Formal and informal different in terms of:

– Origin of structure
– Position Terminology
– Goals of the Organization
– Influence Processes
– Control Mechanisms
– Communication Processes
– Charting the Organization

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End of the chapter

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