Filipino values

 refers to the set of values or

the value system that a
majority of the Filipino have
historically held important in
their lives.

.This Philippine values system includes their own
unique assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral
codes, ethical practices, etiquette and cultural and
personal values that are promoted by their society.
As with any society though, the values that an
individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of
religion, upbringing and other factors
As a general description, the
distinct value system of Filipinos is
rooted primarily in personal
alliance systems, especially those
based in kinship, obligation,
friendship, religion (particularly
Christianity) and commercial
relationships. [1]
 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Models of the Filipino values
 F. Landa Jocano identified two models of the Filipino value
system. The first is the exogenous model or the foreign model,
while the second is the indigenous model or the traditional
model. The foreign model is described to be a "legal and
formal" model. The indigenous model is described as a
"traditional and non-formal" model or guide but is deeply
embedded in the subconscious of the Filipinos.[3]
 The foreign model was inherited by Filipinos from
Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the
Americans. An example of a foreign or exogenous influence is
bureaucracy exhibited in the government of the Philippines.[3]
 Elements and composition of Filipino values
 Based on studies, surveys, opinions,
anecdotes, and other literatures made by
experts and researchers in relation to Filipino
social values or Filipino core values, along
with the Filipino character or Filipino identity
of a person or an individual known as the
Filipino, the Filipino value system are found to
possess inherent key elements.
 One can note how Hiya (propriety/dignity), Pakikisama
(companionship/esteem), and Utang na loob(gratitude/
solidarity), are merely Surface Values- readily seen and
observed values exhibited and esteemed by many
Filipinos. These three values are considered branches from
a single origin- the actual Core Value of the Filipino
Personality- Kapwa. It means 'togetherness', and refers to
community, or not doing things alone. Kapwa has two
categories, Ibang Tao (other people) and Hindi Ibang
Tao (not other people). The Surface Values spin off of the
Core Value through the Pivotal Aspect of Pakikiramdam, or
shared inner perception ("Feeling for another").
 Othernotable key elements or motivations
are optimism about the future, pessimism
with regards to present situations and
events, the concern and care for other
people, the existence of friendship and
friendliness, the habit of being hospitable,
religious nature, respectfulness to self and
others, respect for the female members of
society, the fear of God, and abhorrence of
acts of cheating and thievery.[5]
 The values of Filipinos specifically upholds the following
items: solidarity of the family unit, security of the Philippine
economy, orientation to small-groups, personalism, the
concepts of "loob" or "kalooban" (meaning "what’s inside the
self", the "inner-self", or the "actual personal feelings of the
self"), existence and maintenance of smooth
interpersonal relationships, and the sensing of the feelings
or needs of others (known as pakikiramdam). In a larger
picture, these values are grouped into general clusters or
"macroclusters": namely, the relationship cluster, the social
cluster, the livelihood cluster, the inwardness cluster, and
the optimism cluster.[5]
 Enumeration of Filipino values
 Pagkakabuklod-buklod

The Filipinos recognize their

family as an important social
structure that one must take care
of. They give importance to the
safety and unity of one’s family. It
is also common to find the whole
clan living in the same area and
have extended family structure.
Utang na loob

It is a technique of reciprocity of debt of

gratitude to others within the family circle or
primary group , sometimes unlimited in nature ,
emotional rather than financial or rational.
Galang

Filipinos are taught to become respectful

individuals. This is mainly due to the influence
of Christianity that tells us to honor both our
parents and our elders. The use of ‘’po’’ and
‘’’opo’’ in conversation and “mano”.
Pagkarelihiyoso

Filipinos are religious. They believe so much in

supernatural powers and taught them to trust prayers
rather than hard work in the realization of their
dreams. Succes is considered a blessing from above.
Damayan/Balikatan

Denotes a good relationship among the people in

the family or within the group or community and
connotes helping one another in time of need.
Filipinos engage themselves in mutual cooperation.
Malasakit

In Filipino Family each of the member

have the adherence or the willingness to help
the other member who is in need more than they
do , emotional or financial needs. They have this
care to their family member and this is the way
they show their love to each other
Hospitality[edit]
Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of
Filipinos going out of their way to help them when lost, or
the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a
visitor in their poverty-stricken home. Meanwhile, most
foreigners who attend Filipino gatherings abroad (which
are frequently organized for hundreds of reasons) testify
to the warmth and friendliness of Filipinos as they
experience that feeling of “belongingness.” Indeed, the
legendary Filipino hospitality is not limited to the
Philippines. It is everywhere wherever there are Filipinos.
[11]
 Gender-specific values
 In relation to parenthood, bearing male and female children
depends on the preferences of the parents based on the expected
roles that each gender would assume once grown up. Both genders
are expected to become responsible members of the family and
their society. Women in the Philippines are expected to become
caring and nurturing mothers for their own children.[12]
 Female Filipinos are also expected to lend a hand in household

work. They are even anticipated to offer assistance after being

married. On the other hand, Filipino men are expected to assume
the role of becoming the primary source of income and financial
support of his family.[12]

 Social Stratification in the Philippines
 According to everyculture.com: Filipinos believe in the need for
social acceptance and feel that education can provide upward
mobility. Color of skin, beauty, and money are the criteria that
determine a person's social position. Light coloring is correlated with
intelligence and a light-skinned attractive person will receive
advancement before his or her colleagues. Family position and
patron-client associations are useful in achieving success.
Government officials, wealthy friends, and community leaders are
sponsors at hundreds of weddings and baptisms each year. Those
connections are of great importance. [Source: everyculture.com /=/]
 Money to buy consumer goods is an indicator of power. Wealthy

people lead western lifestyles.

 They travel abroad frequently and pride themselves
on the number of Westerners they have as friends.
Since few people outside Manila have a family car,
owning a vehicle is a clear statement of a high
social level. Houses and furnishings show a
person's social position. Upholstered furniture
instead of the traditional wooden couches and
beds, rows of electrical appliances that are never
used and area rugs are all important. Sending one's
children to the best schools is the most important
indicator of social position. The best schools often
are private schools and are quite expensive. /=/

There are three social classes in the country based on
income and national wealth. The members of the rich class
represent about 10 percent of the population but own or
earn about 90 percent of the wealth of the country. They are
composed of wealthy industrialists with big corporations and
owners of large haciendas or plantations. The members of
the middle class represent about 20 percent of the
population. They are composed of professionals (doctors,
lawyers, etc.). The members of the lower or poor class
comprise about 70 percent of the population but they only
earn or share 10 percent of the wealth. They often cannot
earn enough to be able to buy necessities in life, save for
emergencies or for future needs. The poor could become
rich by education and by hard work. [Source: Canadian
 The extremely affluent and politically powerful elite
still controls most of Filipino economy, business and
political activities. The middle class is small and the
lower middle class much larger. Its members live in
urban areas and, typically, can only meet some of
their extend family needs with no social safety net
to fall back on. There are large numbers of urban
poor who live in substandard dwellings on land they
rarely have formal rights to use, who face food
security problems and have serious deficiencies in
meeting basic human needs. +++

 Four underlying principles[edit]
 Four principles are posited to underlie social
stratification. First, social stratification is socially
defined as a property of a society rather than
individuals in that society. Second, social stratification
is reproduced from generation to generation. Third,
social stratification is universal (found in every society)
but variable (differs across time and place). Fourth,
social stratification involves not just quantitative
inequality but qualitative beliefs and attitudes about
social status.[3]
 Communal society, cooperative group formed on the basis of
shared interests (e.g., religious or political) and emphasizing
the needs of the community above those of the individual.

Read more: Communal society - Societies - JRank Articles

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