European Passenger Car

Engine Oils
Richmond Virginia
October 2007

T. Bünemann
The symbol is a service mark of Afton Chemical Corporation.
Industry Drivers
Emission regulations
 EURO 5 (2009)
 CO2 target of 130 g CO2/km by 2012

Increased power densities

 Diesel engines
 Gasoline direct injection engine

Fuel dilution (increased by bio-diesel)

 Wear, sludge, piston cleanliness

Oil drains
Fuel economy
VDA = Verband der Automobilindustrie - German Quality Management System for the Automotive Industry
Emission Legislation Drive
OEM Engine Oil Specifications
Euro 3

20
ACEA

00
1998

20
02
ACEA 2002

MAN 3477

20
VW 504/507

03
MB 229.51 Euro 4
ACEA 2004

20
04
BMW Long Life-04
MB 228.51
Renault Long Life Low SAPS

20
Volvo Global VDS-4/ MACK EOM-Premium Plus Euro 5

06
DaimlerChrysler Global MB 228.31

20
ACEA 2008

08
Opel/GM Low SAPS? Euro 6

20
ACEA 2012?

12
Global Heavy Duty Diesel?
 Previous ACEA Requirements

Richmond Virginia
October 2007

T. Bünemann
The symbol is a service mark of Afton Chemical Corporation.
 ACEA Oct. 2004

Issue Date: 05/11/ 2004

- Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Diesel Engines

A1/ A3 / A3 / A5 /
B1-04 B3-04 B4-04 B5-04
Market Claims A1/B1 A3/B3 A3/B4 A5/B5

- Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Diesel Engines with After Treatment
Devices C1-04 C2-04 C3-04
Market Claims C1 C2 C3

- Service Fill Oils for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

E2-96 E4-99 E6-04 E7-04
Issue 5 Issue 3
Market Claims E2 E4 E6 E7
 ACEA 2004
Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Light Duty Diesel Engines

Changes made for ACE 2002 Sequences ( “Legacy Specifications”):

- A2 and B2 not included in ACEA 2004,

“Unsuitable for some current engines and will be unsuitable for many future
engines.
However, use of A2 and B2 oils for older engines still appropriate and can
be done.”

- All other 2002 sequences to be combined:

A1/ A3 / A3 / A5 /
B1-04 B3-04 B4-04 B5-04
 ACEA 2004
Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Light Duty Diesel Engines
with After Treatment Devices

C1 C2 C3

Visc. Class No restrictions N.R.

HTHS, mPa.s, min 2.9 .

2.9 3.5

Sulfur, % max 0.2 0.3 0.3

Phosphorus, % 0.05 max 0.07 -0.0.9 0.07-0.09

S-Ash, % max 0.5 0.8 0.8,TBN min 6

Noack, % max 13 13 13
A5/B5 A5/ B5 (A3/B4),602A=229.31
Engine Perf.
VW DI=B4
FE, % min 2.5 2.5 1.0 for XW-30
 Vehicles Possibly Requiring
Reduced SAPS Oils (Source: ATIEL)
250
Pre
Low
SAPS
200
Passenger Cars (millions)

Low
SAPS
150 Euro IV

Low
100 SAPS
Euro V

50

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

The low SAPS fraction is low – < 30% even in 2008

Warranties delay the appearance of these oils into the consumer market by 2/3 years
ATIEL estimate too high: 2008 only 15-20 million cars with
DPFs, i.e. 7-9.5 % of total passenger car population
Light Duty Service Fill

SAE Visc. ACEA In-House

Volkswagen (A3/B3) VW 501 01/502 00
5W-30 (A3/B4) VW 505 00/ 505 01
VW 506 00/ 506 01
VW 504 00/ 507 00

Mercedes-Benz (A3/B4) MB 229.1, 229.3, 229.5

5W-30 (C3) MB 229.31; MB 229.51

Renault 5W-40 A3/B4 -

5W-30 C3 Renault Long Life low SAPS

PSA A3/B4 - -
5W-40 or A5/B5/C2
5W-30
Opel A3/B3, A3/B4 GM-LL-A/B-025
5W-30 (C3 for future)

BMW A3/B3/B5 Longlife-01, Longlife-01 FE

5W-30 (C3) Longlife-04

Ford A3/B3 only for top up WSS-M2C913-B

5W-30 A1/B1 only for -
top up WSS-M2C934-A
C1

Fiat A3/B3 /B4 -

10W-40
 Current ACEA Requirements

Richmond Virginia
October 2007

T. Bünemann
The symbol is a service mark of Afton Chemical Corporation.
ACEA 2007 Sequences - Feb. 2007

Issue Date: Feb. 2007

- Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Diesel Engines

A1/ A3/ A3/ A5/
B1-04 B3-04 B4-04 B5-04
Market Claims A1/B1 A3/B3 A3/B4 A5/B5

- Service Fill Oils for Gasoline and Diesel Engines with After Treatment
Devices C1-04 C2-04 C3-07 C4-07
Market Claims C1 C2 C3 C4
- Service Fill Oils for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines
E2-96 E4-07 E6-04 E7-04
Issue 5 Issue 2 Issue 2
Market Claims E2 E4 E6 E7
ACEA 2007 Sequences – Feb. 2007

Changes versus ACEA 2004 for A/B sequences:

- XUD11BTE no longer listed,

“passing results obtained before the end of 2005 can be
used instead of the DV4”.

- “OM646 results at an equivalent performance level can be

used as the test becomes available as a CEC test. In the
event of OM602A and OM646 are not available, ACEA will
define an alternative.”
ACEA 2007 Sequences – Feb. 2007

Changes (in red) versus ACEA 2004 for C sequences:

ACEA Febr. 2007 C1 C2 C3 C4

HTHS, mPa.s, min 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.5

Noack, %, max 13 13 13 11
Sulphur, % max. 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Phosphorus, % max. 0.05 0.070 0.070 0.090

-0.090 -0.090
TBN, mgKOH/g, min. - - 6 6
ACEA 2007 Sequences – Feb. 2007

Changes (in red) versus ACEA 2004 for C sequences:

ACEA Febr. 2007 C1 C2 C3 C4

M111 Sludge, min. ---------- ---- RL140 --------------- RL140 + 4 σ

M111FE, % min. 2.5 2.5 1.0 1.0
Xw-30 Xw-30
VWDI, min. RL206 RL206 RL206 RL206
OM646 * --------- limits to be defined ------------------

* In case OM 602 and OM 646 will not be available ACEA will define an alternative
ACEA 2007 Sequences - Feb. 2007
C4-07, new category, High HTHS, Low SAPS.
1. 3.5 HTHS
2. 11 Noack
3. 0.05% Phos
4. 0,5% ash
5. TBN = 6.
6. TU5 C4 as C1, C2, C3 level
7. Sludge = RL 140 + 4sigma >9.0 whichever is lower. (As
for C1, C2 and C3.)
8. FE : 1.5% for XW-30 and 1.0% for other grades.
9. OM646
10. Turbo deposits added. Limits tba
11. DV4 C4 as C3
12. TDi C4 as C1, C2, and C3.

All C Categories: VW TDi – Piston Cleanliness merit ≥ RL 206

ACEA 2008 Sequences – Draft
ACEA require performance upgrade for all A/B
and C sequences to cope with:

 Wear: Fuel dilution, increased engine power.

 Sludge: Fuel dilution, extended drain.
 TBN: Fuel dilution, sludge, extended drain.
 Piston Deposit: Use of bio-diesel, higher temp.,extended drain.
 TC-Deposit: Field problems in light duty diesel engines.
 Fuel Economy: 3 % requested by Ford for C1.
 Seals: New types of material.

In summary: oils with higher performance level required to

handle higher engine temperatures, fuel dilution, use of
bio-diesel under extended drain conditions.
ACEA 2008 Sequences – Draft

ACEA require performance upgrade for all A/B and C sequences:

Performance Level
Wear:OM 646 MB 229.5 pass level
Sludge: M111 min. RL 140 + 4 x Standard Deviation
TBN: min. 8 mgKOH/g for all A/B categories
Piston Deposit: VW-TDI min. RL 206 + standard deviation
Fuel Economy: M111 min. 3 % for C1
Seals: add three new materials
 European OEM Requirements

Richmond Virginia
October 2007

T. Bünemann
The symbol is a service mark of Afton Chemical Corporation.
Daimler

PCMO Service Requirements

Latest MB Service Fill specifications: all require

specified minimum TBN level

MB Sheet 229.1 229.3 229.31 229.5 229.51

No.
TBN (ASTM 6,0 7,0 6,0 8,0 6,0
D 2896) min.
MB 229-Sheets – MB Engine Test Requirements

MB sheet No. 229.1 229.3 229.31 229.5 229.51

M 271 Sludge
Engine sludge merit ≥ 8,5 8,8 8,8 9,1 9,1
M271 Wear X X X X X
M 111 FE
Fuel economy improvement % ≥ - 1,0 1,0 1,7 1,7
OM 611 DE22LA
Piston cleanliness (avg. 4 pistons) merit ≥ 23,0 25,0 25,0 27,0 27,0
Engine sludge avg. merit ≥ 8,0 8,5 8,5 9,0 9,0
Cylinder wear (avg. 4 cyl.) µm ≤ 7 7 7 5,2 5,2
OM 602 A
Piston cleanliness (no ring sticking) merit ≥ - - 24 - 26
Oil consumption kg/ test ≤ - - 70 - 60
Engine sludge avg. merit ≥ - - 8,9 - 9
VW Engine Oil Qualities

VW 50400
VW 50700
Unit injector =
VW 50200 VW 50200
VW 50500 VW 50501
Pump injector
used since 1998
VW 50101
for diesel engines,
VW 50500 VW will switch to
Commonrail in
2007

low quality level medium quality level high quality level

standard drain standard drain long drain
low Ash – for DPF
without without with with unit injector
unit injector unit inj. unit injector FE-properties
For FSI
all viscosity classes 0W-x, 5W-x, 10W-x (x=30, 40) SAE 5W-30 only
 Renault Service Fill Specification

CURRENT STATUS
Turbocharger gasoline +
Gasoline Diesel with DPF
diesel without DPF
Diesel :ACEA A3/B4
ACEA A3/B4 ou
0-5-10W40
Current status A5/B5 ACEA C3
Gasoline :ACEA A3/B4 et
0- 5W30 0- 5W40 0 -5W30
A5/B5
10W40
0- 5W30 0- 5W40 10W40
NEW REQUIREMENTS
Norme « RN0700 » Norme « RN0710 » Norme « RN0720 »

Grades: Grades:0 - 5W40 Grades: 0- 5W30 / 0-

0- 5W30 0- 5W40 5W40
10W40 ACEA A3/B4
Characteristics
ACEA A3/B4 ou A5/B5 + specific requirement ACEA C4 + LLR
+ Lab test on ACEA + lab test + lab test
General Motors/ Opel – GEOS B
(Global Engine Oil Spec. – high HTHS 3.5, Factory Fill
diesel engines worldwide)
Physical-Chemical Method
Requirements
Viscosity class SAE J 300 5W-30
HTHS CEC L-36-A-97 ≥ 3.5 mPa.s
Evaporative Loss, CEC L-40-A-93 ≤ 13 wt%
Noack
Total Base Number DIN ISO 3771 or ASTM D2896 > 6 mg KOH/g
Sulphur DIN 51 400 ≤ 0.3 wt%
Phosporous Established ICP or XRF 0.07 – 0.09 wt%
method
Sulfated ash DIN 51 575, ASTM D 874 ≤ 0,8 wt%
Chlorine Established ICP or XRF < 150 ppm
method

Elastomer Compatibility ACEA: CEC –L-39-T-39 ACEA: RE-1(FPM), RE-4 (NBR) , AEM
SAE: ASTM D7216 SAE: J2643: ACM-1, VMQ-1, HNBR-1
General Motors/ Opel – GEOS B
(Global Engine Oil Spec. – high HTHS 3.5, Factory Fill
diesel engines worldwide)
Engine Tests

Valve Train, Scuffing Wear Peugeot TU3M, CEC-L- ACEA C2/C3 Pass
38-A-94
High Temperature Deposits, Sequence IIIG/ IIIIGA ILSAC GF-4 Pass (higher weighted
Ring Sticking, Oil Thickening piston deposits limit)
Fuel Economy M111 vs. RL 191 ≥ 2.0%
Medium –Temp- Dispersivity DV4TD ACEA C3 Pass
Di Diesel Piston Cleanliness, VW DI ACEA C3 Pass
Ring Sticking
Wear, Viscosity Stability, Oil MB OM 602A ACEA C3 Pass
Consumption MB OM 646 (when
available)
Opel Aeration Test GMPTE-T MECO24 Pass
Opel Oil Release Test GMPTE-T DURO 19 Pass
(400h)
Opel Valvetrain Wear Test GME 8330TP Pass
Ford

 First and Service Fill: ACEA A1/B1, Ford WSS-M2C913-B/A, 5W-30

 Low SAPS: ACEA C1, required in 2006 , Ford WSS-M2C934-A

HTHS 2.9 – 3.5 mPa.s
Ash 0.5 % max.
Sulphur 0.2 % max.
Phosphorus 0.5 % max.
ACEA A5/B5 performance level,
M111FE min. 3% FE (average of three tests)
BMW Longlife Engine Oils

Longlife Oils for up to 30 000 km or 2 years

BMW Longlife - 98 : approvals based on M44,
not for valve tronic engines (model year 2002),
top up for these engines between oil drains.
BMW Longlife - 01 : min 3.5 HTHS, A3/B3/B4, N52 engine test, 0W/5W-
30/40
all gasoline engines, must for M54 engines
BMW Longlife - 01 FE : min 3.0 HTHS, A3/B3/B4 engine perf.,
N52, FE test (ECE15+EUDC at ISP)
0W/5W-30/40 all gasoline engines model 2002 (valve
tronic),not allowed for M 54 and all other engines
before model year 2002.
BMW Longlife – 04: Diesel engines with DPF, EU territory (incl. Norway,
CH & Liechtenstein), ACEA C3-04 plus M54 and N42,
SAE 0/5WW-30/40, suitable also for gasoline engines
Porsche

Brand name approvals and workshop listing

Requirements: SAE 0W-40, 5W-40, 5W-50

ACEA A3
VW PV 1449 (T4 Test)
Porsche 911 engine bench test
200 h at APL
(EURO 85 400)

Engine oil drain intervals: 30.000 km or 2 years