Tractor Hydraulic Fluid

Technology

Don Bell
September 2007

Confidential and Proprietary to Afton Chemical Corp.

Overview

Introduction to Tractor
and Construction
Equipment Market

OEM Trends

Tractor Products

Tractor CTS
Tractor OEMs typically specify two major lubricants:

Super Tractor Universal Oil (STUO)

 SAE 15W-140 API CH-4 diesel
 Lubricates ALL parts
 European market

Universal Tractor Transmission Oil

(UTTO, THF, UTF)
 Lubricates all parts EXCEPT engine
 NA & SA markets

Lubrication required for:

Hydraulics/Pumps
Transmissions
Axles
Power Take Off Clutches
Engines (STUO Only)
Tractors Use Diesel Engines, typical oil
performance requirements have been defined by:
 API CD, CE, CF, CF4, CG-4?
 CCMC D4 or D5
 ACEA E1 or E2
 MB 227.1 or 228.1
Emissions regulations now required for tractors
 Tier II and III
Latest engine specifications are targeting at
meeting emission requirements
 Higher API claims, CH-4 and greater
 Higher ACEA claims, E3 and greater
 Higher MB claims, 228.3 and higher
 Transmissions
Manual on lower cost models
Powershift transmission now more
common
 Many forward and reverse gears
(16)
Continuously Variable transmissions
 Speeds from 0.1km/h to 50km/h
possible
 Transmission oil
API GL-4 and individual OEM
requirements for gear lubrication
Various OEM requirements for oil
immersed clutches:
 high enough friction for clutch
lock up
 low enough friction for smooth
gear changes and accurate
manoeuvrability
Need correct friction for
synchronisers
 high enough friction to prevent
bad changes
 Hydraulics
The oil must act as a universal hydraulic
oil lubricating gear, vane and piston pumps
 Needs to provide wear protection
 Needs to prevent bronze transfer in piston
pumps which can lead to loss of efficiency
The hydraulics supply power for
implements, power steering and gear
changes
Typical requirements are the Vickers
35VQ25 and Sundstrand pump (dry &
wet) tests
A large tractor could have several pumps
driving several applications
Oil Immersed Brakes
Tractors have disc brakes enclosed
in the rear axle to keep out dirt
Friction must be high enough to
make the tractor stop
 Oil is required to keep brakes
cool
Friction characteristics should
prevent stick/slip and noise
 Low friction reduces brake
chatter but also reduces brake
capacity and can cause lag of
brake reaction
 Final Drive
The rear axle contains a
differential unit and
epicyclic gears. It runs in the
same oil bath as the
hydraulics, brakes and
transmission

Four wheel drive tractors

also have a differential in the
front axle and epicyclic
gears in the front hubs
 Power Take Off
The PTO is a splined shaft used for driving ancillary
equipment, power is supplied through an oil immersed
clutch
 the clutch must lock up quickly so friction needs to be
high enough
 Clutch plates need to remain clean to give constant
friction value
• Friction will decrease with
deposit build up on
clutch plates
 Low friction can lead to continuous
slip, frictional heat and clutch
burn out
 Tractor Hydraulic Fluid Requirements

 Reduce wear and provide EP protection

 Act as a coolant
 Complement frictional characteristics in
transmission, wet brake, and other
hydraulic systems
 Offer high thermal and oxidation stability
 Prevent rust and inhibit corrosion
 Resist deposit formation
 Meet viscosity requirements in varying
environmental conditions
 Shear stable
 Delicate Balance of Components

Product must emulsify water, but not rust

Frictional properties must balance the needs

of the PTO clutch and the brakes

Fluid must flow in cold weather and protect

in hot

Must balance the EP needs of the gears with

the AW needs of the pumps

Need robust anti-foam, anti-rust and anti-

oxidation
Est. WW Tractor
Additive Market (DI & VI)
$220 - $320 million
Specifications
No governing body like API,
ILSAC, etc.

Dominated by OEM requirements

 Tractor: John Deere, Case New
Holland (CNH), AGCO (Massey
Ferguson), Kubota
 Construction: Caterpillar, Volvo,
Komatsu, etc.

Very few OEM approval programs,

most are self-certifying
North American Market Share
2007 Afton Estimate
OEM Specifications
A multitude of OEM specifications exist for tractor hydraulic fluids
as each OEM optimized the fluid for their specific design and
hardware
Active Specs per major NA OEMs (accounts for >95% NA market):
 John Deere
• J20C (summer)
• J20D (winter)

 AGCO
• Massey Ferguson M1145, M1143, M1141,
M1138, M1135
• White Q-1826

 Case New Holland

• MAT 3525
• MAT3526
• MAT 3505 (Zn free)
• ESN M2C86B

 Kubota
• UDT
• Super UDT
John Deere
Market leader in North America
Engineering design focused on customer productivity
 Greater speed to move between fields & torque for difficult applications
 Infinitely Variable Transmission
 Easy to use electro-hydraulic controls for implement management
 Increased hydraulic speeds and pressures
Branded HyGard™ Hydraulic/Transmission Fluid
Case New Holland
CNH majority controlled by FIAT Group
Design features focused on customer productivity
 Comfortable, high visibility cabs
 High capacity, quick response hydraulics
 Automated power shift transmissions
 Greater speed and torque for ease of use
Viscosity Oil (part of FL Selenia) provides branded CNH products in NA
 HyTran® Ultra (MAT 3505) – Non-Zn additive. Also marketed as Akcela.
 Multi-G Fluid (MAT 3525) – Also marketed as Ambra.
AGCO
Formed in 1990, AGCO has acquired over 23 brands of agricultural
equipment in the past 15 years.
 75 % of AGCO sales are outside of the USA
 Full line of compact to high horsepower tractors
Design focus on improving farmer’s productivity
 Increased torque and horsepower from the powertrain
 Dyna-Step transmission allows smooth shift with variable speed increase
 Increased hydraulic oil flow (up to 29 gpm) using auxiliary hydraulic sump
 OEM Testing
Ford Clutch Tests
•Expensive, primarily @ SWRI, San Antonio, TX
•Established by John Deere, CNH, AGCO
•Test oil far beyond severity in field

John Deere Gear Wear Test

Brookfield Vis
Brake Performance

Seal Testing

Shear Stability Pump Wear Performance

 Tractor Trends – and their impact
New designs are focusing on:
Compact equipment for improved
versatility e.g. smaller oil sumps
Increased horsepower and torque for
large 4WD equipment
Higher engine performance
Increased transmission gearing –
multiple forward and reverse gears
Increased hydraulic flow rates and
pressures for use of larger, more
complex agricultural implements
Fuel economy
Tractor fluids need to improve on:
Improved low temperature viscosity
properties
Longer lasting frictional property
durability
Increased gear wear protection
Improved oxidation control &
additive thermal stability
Less performance degradation in
presence of water
Longer oil drain intervals
Construction Industry OEMs
Caterpillar
Komatsu
Volvo
CNH
Deere
Terex
Kobelco
Liebherr
Others
Construction Industry Equipment Segments Construction Equipment Purchases

ROW China
Backhoes
26%
Remainder of Asia 12%
18%
5%
Graders 2%
Japan 10%
Bulldozers
22%
Other 14%

LA 2% 27%

Trucks 3% Western
26%
Europe
NA
33%

Excavators
Source: Volvo
Construction Equipment Design Trends
Lower operating costs

Increased reliability

Higher performance

Improved fuel economy

Greater operator comfort and efficiency

Summary
Tractor Hydraulic Fluid remains an integral component of OEM
tractor/construction design and operation

 Individual OEMs continue to recommend oils by the OEM

specification
 Many oil formulations are able to satisfy multiple OEM
requirements
 Design changes are leading to increased stress on the
lubricant and require more robust formulations
 OEM focus remains on increasing the productivity of their
customers
Afton Tractor Products
 Afton Tractor Sales

Afton has >30 years of globally selling into the tractor

market
 30+% market share in Europe
 15% market share in NA

>130 million gallons of tractor oil has contained Afton

H-8700 Series Additive since 1997

No field complaints

Problem solving oil in certain transmissions and wet brakes

because of its exceptional frictional performance

Tractor manufacturers around the globe recognize Afton as

one of the industry leaders in lubrication technology

Afton has demonstrated strong performance in available rig

and field tests, especially since formal approvals are limited
 Afton’s Tractor Product Slate

NATC Top Tier UTTO

High HiTEC®
8803
13.74%wt
HiTEC 8888
®

Mid Tier UTTO (CAT TO-4) Top Tier STUO

6.3%wt
HiTEC®
8703
7.8%wt
HiTEC®®
8801
13%wt
13%wt

Low Tier UTTO

Mid Tier STUO
HiTEC ®
HiTEC®
8705 8805
4%wt
5.1%wt

HiTEC® Low Tier STUO

8806
5%wt
Performance
High

In development
Commercially available
Commercially available, not for NA market
UTTO Products
HiTEC® 8703
Mid-Tier UTTO treating at 7.8 wt%

HiTEC® 8703 is HiTEC® 8801 STUO with the

components for engine oil performance removed or
reduced
 HiTEC® 8801 treat rate = 13%wt
• Over 15 years excellent field performance
Thermally stable zinc and calcium based chemistry with
state of the art patented friction modifier systems
 Utilizes some of the technology in leading ATF and
hydraulic additives marketed by Afton

We have maintained a higher treat rate than competitors

(~6 wt%)
 Premium focus
 Product Differentiation
 Enhanced Performance
Suitable for use where all major tractor OEMs are called
for
Tractor Additives
Additive Type Function Afton Selections
Viscosity Index Keep oil at the right H-5777 OCP
Improver viscosity over range of H-5710 PMA
temperatures
Pour Point Depressant Stop the oil from H-5714 Group I oil
solidifying at low H-5789 Group II oil
temperatures
Antiwear Agent Prevent wear under
high speed conditions
Extreme Pressure Prevent wear or seizure
under high load
conditions
Antirust Prevent rust
Foam Inhibitor Prevents Foam
Antioxidant Prevent oxidation
Friction Modifier Prevents H-8703
chatter/squeak
Yellow metal corrosion Prevent brass corrosion
Demulsification agent Make oil and water
separate
Detergent Keep metal surfaces
clean
Dispersant Stop sludge blocking
filters
 Unique Features of HiTEC® 8703
Cleanliness (L-60-1) Competitor 1 HiTEC® 8703

CV/Sludge 9.5 / 9.61 9.73 / 9.63

H-8703 THF Competitor THF

Superior cleanliness – keeps sludge and varnish from depositing on the equipment’s
interior and keeps filters and screens from plugging and
restricting oil flow while keeping control valves clean and unrestricted

Improved wear and EP protection, as demonstrated

by rig tests used to evaluate Hydraulic,
Gear and Transmission lubricants

Better wear control with yellow metal based alloys that are used in
piston pumps and synchronizers
Competitor Afton
EP Performance HyGARD™ HiTEC 8703
JDQ 95 Pinion Gear
®

4-ball weld 190kg 220kg

L-20 EP Rippling/Ridging 9 pinion 10 ring 9 pinion 10 ring

rating 6 pinion 10 ring 9 pinion 10 ring
FZG Stepwise Stage 5 fail Stage 8 fail

FZG Sprung Stage 5 fail Stage 7 fail

Unique Features of HiTEC® 8703
Dynanic CoF
Dynamic
0.24
CoF
More stable friction over time with 0.23 Competitor 1
HiTEC
HiTEC®8703
a variety of friction materials 0.22
8703 THF

CoF
reducing component wear by
0.21
62%
0.2

0.19 Hours
Longer yellow metal corrosion 0 10 20 30 40 50
protection, exceeding OEM
specifications and competitor fluids
Extended Humidity Cabinet Results: Days to Corrosion

H 8703

H 8700

Hytran Ultra

JD HyGard

Volvo Wet Brake

J20C Spec

0 20 40 60 80
HiTEC® 8703 field trial

Field trial underway in US since

January 2005
Over 70 tractors, between 4 & 40
years old
Includes all major brands – John
Deere, CNH, AGCO, Caterpillar
No field issues reported
 HiTEC® 8703 Key THF/CE OEMs
OEM Summary
Approval Required Tests Target
Date
Comments

J-20C/D JD Reviewed Data accepted by JD Waterloo Iowa as meeting J20C

Demonstration only requirements. HiTEC® 8703 is self-certified to meet J20C
(summer spec) and J20D (winter spec). Data set is
available.
CNH MAT 3525
Approval listing on Spec Wear test key 2008 Need to meet with FL-Italy to confirm requirements for MAT
3525 to determine how to get approved and listed.
HiTEC® 8703 suitable for use, not yet approved. Data set
is available.
VCE 1273,03 1)Wet brake 10/06 Passed Wet Brake Test @ VCE
WB-101 Fluid 2) Gear fatigue 4Q/07 Fatigue Test scheduled 1Q07
3) Field Demo ? VCE input on Field Demonstration
HiTEC® 8703 not yet approved.
TE-ML 3E JD J20C Passed WG 210 & Seals : Bench Tests running
Axle Brake & Mo LS Diff Queued;
TE-ML 5E/F Component test 4Q07 Pitting Queued;
TE-ML 6F Axle Load Test 1Q08 Axle Load Test Pending
Field Test-hope to get ? HiTEC® 8703 not yet approved.
waiver
CMS1145 1) Bench tests Friction level acceptable
Oil Approval only 2) Friction test 2007 35VQ25 passed
Additional testing pending for yet to be determined Oil Co.
Approval. HiTEC® 8703 suitable for use, not yet approved.
Data set available.
Service-fill can be JCMAS self-certified Self-certified HiTEC® 8703 self-certified as meeting JCMAS HK
self-certified as P41:2004 known as HX-1, thus self-certified against
meeting Kubota UDT Kubota UDT. Data set available.
in USA if suitable for
use against JCMAS
 HiTEC® 8703 Key Hydraulic OEM Summary

Hydraulic Pump Target

OEM Approval Type Date Comments

Denison T6H20 Hybrid 1ST Denison UTTO/THF

Approved
UTTO/THF Pump Approval in the Industry (Citgo)

Mobil
Hydraulic For both Industrial and Mobile
systems 35VQ25 Pump Approved Hydraulic Applications. Citgo
according to and ExMo Demonstrations
Brochure 694

Rexroth A2F-10
Self- JCMAS HK oils are effective to
Japanese Construction JCMAS HK HP Piston Pump
Mechanization Association Certified use in hydraulic systems designed
(P-41) D-7083 140 Bar
Vane Pump to 34.3MPa @ 100˚C

Sauer-Danfoss
Series 90 Pump JD Data accepted by JD Waterloo
JDM J-20C/D
Vickers 104C 70 Reviewed Iowa; meets J20C requirements
Bar Vane wear
HiTEC® 8705

Low-Tier UTTO treating @ 4.0 wt%

Not for NA market, primarily for Europe

JD20C performance profile only

No other approvals but suitable for use as an economic

service-fill fluid for older machinery with no remaining
warranty
HiTEC® 8888

New product meeting the

requirements of CAT TO-4
 Recommended for off
highway transmissions
 Suitable for CAT TO-4,
Allison C4, Komatsu micro
clutch

Treat rate 6.75%

 Lowest in market

Final testing in progress

Summary
Afton now has a full range of tractor and off highway
products
 Low treat low tier to high performance
 Range designed to give full coverage for the
requirements of most regions

Many years of trouble free performance in the field

Market leading tractor technology recognized by oil

companies and OEM’s
Tractor CTS Support
Tractor CTS Role
Provide current tractor data and confirm
product applications and recommendations

Conduct blend studies to optimize the THF

formulation for performance while
minimizing cost
Coordinate non-routine and differentiation
testing
 Wear, friction, oxidation, pump

Provide samples as requested

Technical support to Sales
What CTS Needs to Know
Tractor specification targets or special requirements
 can propose Afton additive H-8703

Source of VII and PPD

 VIIs: H-5777 or H-5710 if no customer preferred
 PPD: H-5714 if Grp I oil; H-5789 if Grp II oil

Customer’s base oil mix

 150N (~4.9 cSt)
 60N to 150BS can be used
 Synthetic and biodegradable acceptable

Will customer take a DI/VII blend?

Is there an existing formulation that CTS can use as a baseline?

Tractor Specifications/Blend Studies
Examples
 Summer: John Deere JDM20C ~90% market based on visc
 Winter: John Deere JDM20D ~9% market
 All Season: ~1% market

Required Tests Summer JDM 20C Winter JDM 20D

 Kinematic Viscosity >9.1 cSt >7.0 cSt
 Brookfield Viscosity @ -35C, <70,000 cP @ -40C, <20,000 cP
 Shear Stability, JDQ
post-shear KV@100C > 7.1 cSt > 5.0 cSt
 Pour Pt. >-36C >-36C
 Flash Point (COC) >200C >150C
Summary
Afton NA CTS can optimize H-8703 THFs for customers
with our components or those selected by the customer in
various base stocks

CTS supports Afton Sales Team and customers for:

 Marketing information
 Reports and Test Results
 Blend Studies
 Recommendations
 Samples
 Etc.