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Textile Applications KLIND

Textile ---- Things around You----- A snapshot
1. Cotton Yarns. 21. Machine made Carpets

2. Woolen yarns 22. Bedsheets
3. Cotton Shirts 23. Polyester based Blankets
4. Cotton T shirts 24. Woolen blankets
5. Cotton Handkerchiefs 25. Bathroom Rugs
6. Woolen Shawls 26. Polyester/ Fabric Based DoorMats
7. Woolen Sweaters 27. Pillow Covers
8. Woolen Scarfs 28. Car Seats
9. Denim Jeans 29. Hospital Masks
10. Suitings/ Tie 30. Shoe Laces
11. Trousers/ Pants 31. Outer perforated cover on sports Shoes
12. Men Undergarments 32. Geo Textiles used in Construction
13. Women Undergarments 33. Mosquito Nets
14. Denim Jackets 34. Door and Window Curtains
15. Sarees 35. Travelling Bags
16. Designer outfits 36. Non woven based Carry Bags
17. Socks 37. Non woven based Material Handling Bags
18. Towels 38. Synthetic Yarns
19. Embroidery based clothes 39. Non woven based Filter materials
20. Printed Fabrics 40. Technical Textiles like Travelling Tents etc.
19.08.2017 / Slide 3 Training Department / Textile Industry
YARN FORMING
Introduction
Stretch spinning is the process of drawing out and twisting fibres in order to join them
firmly together in a continuous thread or yarn. Extrusion spinning involves the
production of individual fibres, either naturally, as in the case of the silk worm, or using
physical and chemical processes as in the manufacture of man-made fibres.
Spinning preparation also includes the stage at which any undesired foreign matter is
separated from the carded material, especially in the case of natural fibres, which
facilitates the subsequent yarn generating process.
Introduction
Cotton is a vegetable fibre which, in its natural state, is found in flocks.
After it has been subjected to adequate processes, cotton can be spun like other fibres.
Cotton consists of short fibres.
Wool (animal fibre) has to be cleaned of any impurities and washed before spinning.
The wool spinning process is similar to cotton spinning. The machines are adapted to
the properties of wool and the length of the fibres. Wool is long-fibred.
Introduction
Classification of fibres
Natural fibres
Vegetable Animal (proteins) Mineral

(cellulose)
Asbestos
Vegetable Bast fibres Hard Wool/ Hair Natural silk
fibres fibres
Cotton Linen Sisal

Of sheep, Pure silk,
Kapok Hemp Coconut
goat, Wild silk,
Jute fibre
camel, Filature
etc.
horse
From Fibre to Textiles
3. Finishing
Washing/ Bleaching/ Alkaline Treatment
Mercerising
Dyeing
Flat Screen Printing/ Rotary Screen Printing
Dryer
Steamer
Hot Flue Stenter Frame

Textile finishing machines
Textile finishing
The purpose of textile finishing is to modify the aspect, colour, feel, or general
characteristics of textile fabrics so that they meet the current fashion requirements and
maintain or extend their usable life.
While bleaching, dying and printing processes determine the colour and resistance of
the fabric, thermosetting influences other characteristics, such as the surface stability
and resistance to creasing.
Water is the main medium used in bleaching, washing and dying. It may be assumed
that water treatments account for 90 to 95 %. The remaining 5 to 10 % are processes
involving the use of solvents, such as perchloroethyl-ene or trichloroethylene.
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Stenters
Objective
Textile stenters are used in textile finishing for:
- stretching
- smoothing
- straightening (with the aid of weft straighteners)
- drying (after wet treatment)
- thermo-setting (avoid wrinkling)
- coating (eg application of a special plastic layer)
The fabric is stretched between an endless transport chains.

Clips, with or without a needle bar, are attached to the chain and hold the fabric.
Stenters
The cloth entry, drying and exit zones can be adjusted in width to allow the cloth to be
stretched to the sides.
The edges of the cloth are pressed onto the clips equipped with needle bars by means
of a rotary brush. A wet fabric may, for instance, be stretched, dryed in the drying
section, cooled down and eventually set.
The finished cloth can then either be folded or rolled in a special discharge area.
Stenters
Main manufacturers of stenters and dryers:
Germany Babcock, Brückner, Krantz, Monforts
Great Britain Gordon Whitely, Proctor & Schwartz,

Mather & Platt, Farmer Norton
France Aigle, Air Industrie, Amdes S.A.
Italy Reggiani, Santa Locia, Mozzi Daglish, Comerio

Muzzi Gessner
Japan Mitsubishi, Thoray
United States Morrison, Marshall and Williams
Brasil Texima
Stenters
Design and operation
There are two major types of stenters:
- single-layer stenter with vertical or horizontal return chain
- multi-layer stenter with vertical return chain

Stenters
Single-layer stenter with vertical chain

Stenters
Single-layer stenter with horizontal chain

Stenters
The main components of stenters with drying and cooling sections are:
1. Special accessory units
Accessory equipment for the application of special dyes or finishing agents. Steam
equipment used for special surface treatment of the fabric. Weft straighteners for
checked or cross-striped fabrics.
Lubrication points
Guiding systems at the fabric entry section (rollers, cylinders) are lubricated
exclusively with the lubricants recommended or prescribed for the entire machinery.
Stenters
Fabric entry section

Stenters
2. Cloth entry with chains, chain transporter and chain guides
After the dry or wet cloth has been spread out by the scroll rollers, the rolled-up edges of the
cloth (selvedges) are opened by so-called finger uncurlers (or selvedge spreaders). A draw-in
roller makes it possible to advance the cloth to enable uniform tensioning of the material.
Stenters
Fabric supply with endless chain transporter (Trigema)

Stenters
Vertically or horizontally circulating chains are used to transport the fabric.
Vertical return chains

Vertical return chains are used in single or multi-layer stenters or dryers.
Stenters
Horizontal return chains

Horizontal return chains are used in single-layer stenters and dryers.
Stenters
Chain types for horizontal or vertical chain conveyors (KOLB)
Pin link for needle chains
Combined pin clip

Stenter clip with clip
chains
Stenters
Chains with horizontal chain guides (Famatex)
The running surface of the ball bearings on additional elements (eg needle bars) absorbs
transverse tensional forces.
The dual slideways on which the steel sliding plates run absorb the weight of both the
chain and the cloth. The slide rails may be made of self-lubricating materials or materials
requiring only minimum lubrication.
A bronze cover plate covers the steel chain rail from the top, securing the chain in the
rail.
Stenters
Chains with vertical return chain guides (Famatex)
This type of chain is made up by the following components:
- upper ball bearing

- lower ball bearing
- chain rollers of the main chain (roller chain)
- needle bar
Lubrication of ball bearing tension chain systems (Famatex, Krantz, Brückner)
Lubrication is performed by an automatic chain lubrication system (intermittent spraying).

Supplies the chain rollers, chain links, slideways and ball bearings.
Stenters
Textile chain systems

Stenters
Brückner chains
(horizontal)
Stenters
Width adjustment
Cloth width is adjusted automatically

by a gear or a width adjustment
spindle.
High-temperature lubricating oils are

required for width adjustment gears Width adjustment
which, due to their design, are inside spindles
the stenter. For width adjustment
spindles or rack gears a dry lubricant
film is applied to the surface.
Stenters
Width adjustment spindle (Trigema)

Stenters
3. Drying, cooling and setting
The cloth passes the entire length of the machine, which may have a number of
drying zones. The number of drying zones depends on the weight and the desired
speed of the cloth. For certain fabrics heat setting temperatures are up to 250 °C.
The drying air is generated by indirect (steam, thermal oil) or direct (gas) heating
systems and circulated by means of fans. The arrangement of circulating and
exhaust fans varies depending on the type of system and manufacturer.
Stenters
The bearings of externally mounted fans are

subject to moderate temperatures. The bearings
are lubricated with a temperature-resistant long-
term grease.
Bearings exposed directly to the hot air flow

have to be lubricated with a high-temperature
grease.
Stenters
120 mm
Main lubrication points of a stenter thermal
Generously
insula-
tion dimensioned Exhaust
Control centre Economy lubrication device Air-circulation Nozzle Remo-
layer sliding doors fan
axial-flow fan body in vable
operating end Door
Upper nozzle
position plate seal
body raised
for
inspection/
maintenance
purposes
Adjustable air guiding flap at each

Lint screen joint between compartments
Gas heater
(slide-in)
Motorized basic-
Lateral fabric-
width adjuster
slit cover
Stenters
Application Klüber Lubricant Remarks
Klübersynth CTH 2-260 Fully synthetic high-

Fabric conveyor chain temperature and high-
HOTEMP PLUS
performance chain oils
PRIMIUM FLUID SPECIAL
Chains equipped with BARRIERTA L 55/2 Synthetic high-

rolling bearings UNISILKON L 50/2 temperature greases
Needle bars Semi-automatic application

UNISILKON M 2000 Spray
Clip tables by means of a drop oiler or
UNISILKON TK 002/100 circulating brush wheel
Stenters
Electric motor PETAMO GHY 133 N

bearings High-temperature and long-
term lubricating greases
Fan bearings PETAMO GHY 193
Width adjustment Bonded coating on MoS2 basis

MOLYKOMBIN UMF T4 Spray
spindle forming a dry lubricant film
resistant to temperatures
up to 450°C
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Hot Flue
Objective
In a hot flue the cloth is dried with hot air (approx. 180 - 230 °C). They are used for non-stretch
drying of cloth treated with the most diverse finishing techniques.
Critical lubrication points
The critical lubrication points in a hot flue are:

- the fan bearings and
- the reversing roller bearings
Hot Flue
BABCOCK HOT FLUE

Hot Flue
Manufacturers of hot flues
Babcock (Moenus Group) Germany

Benninger Switzerland
Brückner Germany
Fleissner Germany
Intes Italy
Mageba Germany
Menzel Germany
Monforts Germany
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Mercerising Machine
Objective
While the bleaching process essentially destroys the natural pigments (at high temperatures) in
textile fibres, in the mercerising process cold concentrated sodium hydroxide is applied to obtain
certain desired properties, e. g. better sheen, stronger handling and better absorptive power, in
cotton yarns and textile surfaces.
Critical lubrication points

- guide roller bearings
- cylinder bearings
Mercerising Machine
Manufacturers of mercerising machines

Benninger Switzerland
Dornier Germany
Farmer Norton Great Britain
Goller Germany
Küsters Germany
Menzel Germany
Morrison USA
Muzzi Italy
Sperotto Rimar Italy
Mercerising Machine
Mercerising machine: STABURAGS NBU 12 Long-life grease

reversing rollers for high loads
or with special resistance
to media
as above and corrosion
STABURAGS NBU 12/ 300 KP protection
Wringers: STABURAGS NBU 12 see above

cylinder bearings
or Long-life lubricating grease
for high specific bearing loads
and wear protection above
STABURAGS NBU 8 EP normal. Resistance to hot water
up to 90°C.
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Bleaching and Dying Unit (high temperature)
Objective
In contrast to continuous bleaching and dying units, these machines are used for discontinuous
(batch-processed) bleaching or dying of yarns, flocks, slivers and fabrics.
Since the operating temperature in bleaching or dying units can be up to 140 °C, they are
referred to as high-temperature units.
Critical lubrication points:

- door seals
- electric motor bearings
- pump bearings
Bleaching or dying machines for unit load (Krantz)

Manufacturers of bleaching and dying units
Benninger Germany
Brückner Germany
Dornier Germany
Goller Germany
Küsters Germany
Menzel Germany
Morrison USA
Door seal of HT unit Fully synthetic speacial grease

SYNTHESO PROBA 270 for rubber seals. Neutral
towards natural and synthetic
rubber.
Electric motor bearings PETAMO GHY 133 N Long-life and

high-temperature grease
Pump bearings Long-life lubricating grease for

STABURAGS NBU 12 high loads and with special
resistance to media
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Rotary Printing Machines
Objective
The dye is applied by means of screens in flatbed or rotary printing machines. In the fletbed
printing machine the cloth is moved step-by-step from one screen to the next, whereas it is
continuously passing print rollers in rotary printing machines. A 10 colour print requires 10 screens
or print rollers which the fabric touches one after another.

- slide rails
- chains and toothed wheels
- cylinder bearings
Flat-bed printing machine

Rotary Printing Machines
Manufacturers of rotary printing machines
Baser Switzerland
Ichinose Japan
Mitter Germany
Reggiani Italy
Stork Netherlands
Zimmer Austria
Flat-bed and Rotary Printing Machines
Slide Rails Klüberpaste 46 MR 401 Assembly paster, conteracts

tribocorrosion
or
Lubricating oil for high temperatures
Klübersynth CTH 2-260
up to 250°C
Repeating bearings STABURAGS NBU 12 K Long-term grease
resistent to ambient media
Chains and open gear HOTEMP 2000 Spray High-viscosity adhesive lubricant
drives (for printing POLYLUB HVT 50 A Spray good damping properties
blanket transport)
Klübersynth CTH 2-260 see above
Adhesive lubricant (less so than

STRUCTOVIS EHD
POLYLUB HVT 50 A SPRAY)
Dryer: PETAMO GHY 133 N Multi-purpose grease for rolling and
Suspension dryer, plain bearings
cylinder bearings
3. Finishing
Mercerising
Dyeing
Dryer
Steamer

Calender
Objective
The calender is one of the most important machines used in finishing fabrics made of vegetable
fibres.
The drying calender refines the dry fabric by means of roller pressure. This process is basically a
cloth rectifying technique achieved by roller pressure and heat.
Calender
- roller bearings
- chains and open-running drive wheels
- gears
Calender
Manufacturers of calenders

Fleissner Germany
Guarneri Italy
Küsters Germany
Monforts Germany
Calender
Roller bearings:
Unheated rollers CRUCOLAN 320 Multi-purpose oil
plain bearings
rolling bearings CENTOPLEX 2 Multi-purpose grease for standard loads
Heated rollers
up to 150°C SYNTHESO D 220 High-temperature lubricating oil
plain/ rolling bearings
above 150 °C SYNTHESO D 460 High-temperature lubricating oil

plain/ rolling bearings
with oil filling BARRIERTA L 55/3 High-temperature lubricating oil

rolling bearings with grease fill
19.08.2017
your global specialist
Thank you very much.

Your global textile specialist

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Textile Applications KLIND

1. Cotton Yarns. 21. Machine made Carpets

Cotton is a vegetable fibre which, in its natural state, is found in flocks.

Vegetable Animal (proteins) Mineral

Cotton Linen Sisal

From Fibre to Textiles

Washing/ Bleaching/ Alkaline Treatment

Flat Screen Printing/ Rotary Screen Printing

Hot Flue Stenter Frame

Textile finishing machines

From Fibre to Textiles

Washing/ Bleaching/ Alkaline Treatment

Flat Screen Printing/ Rotary Screen Printing

Hot Flue Stenter Frame

Textile stenters are used in textile finishing for:

The fabric is stretched between an endless transport chains.

Main manufacturers of stenters and dryers:

Germany Babcock, Brückner, Krantz, Monforts

Great Britain Gordon Whitely, Proctor & Schwartz,

France Aigle, Air Industrie, Amdes S.A.

Italy Reggiani, Santa Locia, Mozzi Daglish, Comerio

Japan Mitsubishi, Thoray

United States Morrison, Marshall and Williams

Design and operation

There are two major types of stenters:

- single-layer stenter with vertical or horizontal return chain

- multi-layer stenter with vertical return chain

Single-layer stenter with vertical chain

Single-layer stenter with horizontal chain

1. Special accessory units

Fabric entry section

2. Cloth entry with chains, chain transporter and chain guides

Fabric supply with endless chain transporter (Trigema)

Vertically or horizontally circulating chains are used to transport the fabric.

Vertical return chains

Horizontal return chains

Chain types for horizontal or vertical chain conveyors (KOLB)

Pin link for needle chains

Combined pin clip

Chains with horizontal chain guides (Famatex)

Chains with vertical return chain guides (Famatex)

This type of chain is made up by the following components:

- upper ball bearing

Lubrication of ball bearing tension chain systems (Famatex, Krantz, Brückner)

Lubrication is performed by an automatic chain lubrication system (intermittent spraying).

Textile chain systems

Cloth width is adjusted automatically

High-temperature lubricating oils are

Width adjustment spindle (Trigema)

3. Drying, cooling and setting

The bearings of externally mounted fans are

Bearings exposed directly to the hot air flow

Adjustable air guiding flap at each

Application Klüber Lubricant Remarks

Klübersynth CTH 2-260 Fully synthetic high-

Chains equipped with BARRIERTA L 55/2 Synthetic high-

Needle bars Semi-automatic application

Application Klüber Lubricant Remarks

Electric motor PETAMO GHY 133 N

Width adjustment Bonded coating on MoS2 basis

From Fibre to Textiles