UNIT IV

COMBUSTION
VISUALISATION
COMBUSTION VISUALISATION
• Endoscopes
• Advanced cameras
• Fiber Optic Tools
• Laser diagnostics of Flames
Usage of above Instrument
• Soot formation
• Presence of intermediate combustion reaction
species
• In-cylinder mixing
• Fuel spray characterization
• Combustion temperature
Endoscope
Endoscope
• Endoscope, this technique provides a two-
dimensional look at combustion
characteristics, such as soot radiation data
for soot volume fraction and soot
temperature, or chemical information for
combustion species emission in the
visible wavelength band.
• In addition, information such as ignition
location and timing, and spray/air interactions
are measured.

• Carburetion, fuel injection, soot formation and

temperature distribution are recorded by
endoscope
• One such system uses an endoscope to provide
images from within the combustion chamber.
• This can be used to gather both visible and
ultraviolet light from the combustion process.
• Mixture distribution within the combustion
chamber can be observed using the visible light
spectrum, while the ultraviolet spectrum is
used to view the combustion event itself.
Advanced camera
FASTCAM SA-X camera
• FASTCAM SA-X camera which has high-
speed, high-resolution and high-sensitivity
performance in the required spectral range is
opening new opportunities for non-intensified
combustion studies.
• Visualizing the ignition process with the
FASTCAM SA-X camera has never been
easier or more accurate due to the camera's
sensitivity and advanced synchronization
methods.
• the FASCTCAM SA-X can study the stability
of the flame with various air-fuel mixtures by
observing small colour flame variations as
mixtures are adjusted while accurately
synchronized to a specific crank angle.
• The FASTCAM SA-X has advanced
synchronization electronics which precisely
lock to a sync input signal from the engine's
shaft encoder.
• The FASTCAM SA-X can produce high quality
flame propagation images using an optically ported
combustion chamber.
• When a knock transient occurs, the pressure within
the chamber rises sharply and pressure oscillations
are measure and viewed in the image.
• Viewing real time combustion chamber events at a
designated point in the cycle
• Viewing the combustion chamber events in
relationship from image to image
• Interacting with the test variables while view real
time combustion events
Fiber Optic Tool
Laser diagnostics of Flame
Laser-based diagnostic method
• Laser-based diagnostic methods can measure
the absolute concentrations of various atoms
and molecules, even at low concentrations.
• They can also measure temperature with high
accuracy.
• One very important advantage of these
methods is the ability to make measurements
without affecting the studied process, for
example flame.
laser-induced fluorescence
• Laser-induced fluorescence or LED induced
fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic method used
for studying structure of molecules, detection of
selective species and flow visualization and
measurements.
• The core instrumental requirements of LIFS,
consist of a laser excitation source, focusing and
collection optics(lenses/fibre optics) a
spectrometer and a sensitive spectroscopic CCD
detector.
Thank you….