CEMS

ZIRCONIA analyser
ZIRCONIA analyser
• The Zirconium oxide sensor usually is furnished in a convenient probe
format for direct-in-line insertion. The sensor is based on the
zirconium oxide is the conductor of oxygen ion. The Zirconium
exhibits very high resistance at room temperature.
• Heating the element allows different partial oxygen concentration of
gases to come into contact with opposite of the zirconia, creating an
oxygen concentration cell. An electromotive force is produced
because ions travel through the zirconia element to the other
element.
ZIRCONIA analyser
• At high temperature the zirconia becomes conductive.The zirconia is
heated and the gas with known concentration is filled inside the
meter which is the reference gas. At an optimum temperature, a
voltage is produced across the zirconium cell, which is proportional to
the concentration of oxygen in the process air or which is dependent
only on the ratio of the concentration of the oxygen.
• Using air as the reference gas, the current produced will be the
measure of the concentration of oxygen in the process gas only.
ZIRCONIA analyser
CEMS Monitor
• When light passes through a gas containing smoke and dust, some of the
light is lost through scattering, absorption and reflection by the particles.
The amount of light lost depends on the number and the size of the
particles, so that loss can be used as a measure of the PM concentration in
the stack.
• Opacity is a measure of light attenuation – the fraction of light lost in
crossing the stack. An opacity monitor measures this value and reports it
directly.
• A PM monitor measures optical characteristics of the stack gas and uses the
value to calculate the PM concentration in mg/m3.
• The calculation uses a calibration factor, unique to that specific installation.
CEMS Monitor
CEMS Monitor
• High energy solid state LED is used
• It is important to note that purge air must be used in opacity monitoring
to protect sensitive instruments from hot, corrosive stack gases, by
keeping the optics clean and preventing corrosion and contamination of
the mounting tubes