1

Gross
Gross Pollutant
Pollutant are
are large
large pieces
pieces of
of debris
debris
flushed
flushed through
through urban
urban Catchment
Catchment and
and
stormwater
stormwater system.
system.

Defined
Defined as
as
Trash,
Trash, litter
litter and
and vegetation
vegetation larger
larger than
than 55 mm.
mm.

2
Gross Pollutant in stormwater drainage
systems are :-

Litter
Debris
Sediment.

3
Litter are human derived material which
includes:-
 Paper  Glass  Metal
 Plastic  Cloth

4
Debris are organic materials transported by
stormwater :-

Leaves
Twigs
Grass Clipping

5
Sediments are inorganic particulates.

6
1. Suspended solids (SS)
2. Total phosphorus (TP)
3. Total nitrogen (TN)
4. Litter
5. Coarse sediment
6. Oil and grease

7
 - Shopping bags, bottles, wrapping,
containers, etc.

- wrappers, newspaper, ATM

receipts, bus ticket, etc.

- foil, cans, etc.

- shutters, timber prop,

broken bricks, etc.

- Old clothing, cigarette

butts, old tires, etc. 8
- visible solid waste come from the urban environment with an
average dimension of greater than about 5 mm.

9
 Anti social behavior.
 Excessive packaging.
 Inadequate disposal facilities.
 Failure of authorities to enforce effective
penalties.
 Type of development – commercial, industrial,
residential.
 Density of development.
 Income level of community
10
 Type of Industry – food, manufacturing.
 Rainfall pattern – long dry spells result in heavy
concentrations of accumulated rubbish.
 Type of vegetation in the catchment.
 Efficiency & effectiveness of garbage removal
by local authorities.
 Level of environmental concern.
 Extent of legislation prohibiting waste and level
of fines.
11
Pollutants in urban stormwater runoff is a
major contributor to the degradation of
receiving waters.

12
 Urban Stormwater pollutants include gross
pollutant, trace metals and nutrients that are
associated with sediments and dissolved
pollutants.
 Stormwater pollutants are generated from urban
land-use activities and discharged to main drain,
lake, river, ocean etc.
 Failure in installing a proper-designed pollution
control devices can result flooding, blockage and
serious water pollution. 13
 Litter are aesthetically unattractive
 Disturb the physical habitats
 Degrade the water

14
 Attract pests and vermin
 Cause marine animal deaths
 Promote littering
 Reduce amenity value

15
16
 Wet Loads for Different Land use in the inner Melbourne
suburb of Coburg

20000

18000

16000 Commercial Catchment-

Swept Daily (13ha)
Wet Loads (g/ha)

14000

12000
Residential Catchment-
Swept Fortnightly
10000
(24.5ha)

8000

6000 Mixed catchment-Swept

Daily / Fortnightly
(12.5ha)
4000

2000

0 Clean Date
29-Aug-96 30-Sep-96 15-Oct-96 15-Nov-96 17
 Composition of Collected Gross Pollutants by Dry Mass
from Different Catchments in Coburg
(After Allison and Chiew, 1995)

19%
1%
11% 1%
Garden debris
Paper 9% Garden debris
3% Paper
Plastics
0% Plastics
Metals 4%
Metals
Other 85%
Other

67%

a) Mixed commercial / residential site b) Residential site

36% 11%
0%

8% Garden debris
Garden debris Paper
2% Plastics
Paper 1%
Plastics Metals
29%
Metals Other
78%

35%

c) Light Industrial site d) Combined site

18
Methods for reducing gross pollutant in urban
waterway can be grouped into two categories ;
 Structural Method are traps places in side
entry pits in gutters, or installed inside
stormwater channels to separate and contain
gross pollutant, and
 Non-Structural Method involve changing the
attitude and actions of the community
(including business, industry and residents) 19
Structural Method – Gross Pollutant Traps

 Device that intercepts gross pollutants (litter and

debris greater than 5mm) and coarse sediments from
stormwater.
 Design to trap litter, debris and coarse sediments in
drains.
 Collect larger items from the water such as take away
container, leaves, bottles and plastic bags.
20
 Installed at every outlet of drain before
entering into engineering waterways
and consequently the wet pond or river.
 Used in treatment train to protect the
water body.

21
 … SOLUTION for
Stormwater Clean-Up
and
Alleviation of Urban Flooding

whereby
The effective Gross Pollutant Trap
screens most trash & debris from
stormwater
22
•Clean-Up of Stormwater Pollutants
…Targeting 90% to 100% removal of gross
pollutants from stormwater runoff contributes
to solving environmental problem

•Alleviation of Urban Flooding Problem

… Trapping the majority of trash & debris
that enter the stormwater system during the
‘first flush’ of rainfall

23
 To protect immediate downstream receiving
waters.
 Water based recreation for surrounding
community.
 Agricultural water supply.
 Potable water supply.
 Natural aquatic ecosystem and associated
wildlife
24
Threat Value
From Stormwater Of receiving environment =
pollution or flows = • Sensitivity; and
• Scale or severity • Significance
• Likelihood or frequency

Threat x value

RISK
of losing environmental/amenity values
25
 1st Generation – Gravity Traps
a. Sediment Basins etc
b. Floating Booms etc
c. Baffle Pits etc  Effective for
floating oil
and
sediments.
 Unlikely to
stop
neutrally
buoyant
materials.
26
 2nd Generation – Direct Screening

27
A. On-line – e.g. “Conventional” GPT

 Moderately effective until screen blocks

 Functions by blocking – diminishing
effectiveness
 Problems with pressure or water levels
 Re-suspension a problem
28
29
 Operates by catching materials larger than
screen opening.
 Screen is used as a filter and a capture area
 Function by directly intercepting materials,
hence screen progressively blocks.
 Efficiency drops rapidly as screen blocks.
 Once blocked - flow and pollutants bypass
screen .
30
B. Off-line – e.g. Most proprietary products
DIVERSION SYSTEM
Can be basket,
DIVERSION box, weir etc
SYSTEM
HIGH FLOWS
Can be basket, box, weir etc

HIGH FLOWS

 Utilises various gravity effects to bypass high flows

 Still functions by blocking – diminishing
effectiveness
 Re-suspension still a problem 31
1. Drainage entrance
treatments :
- grate entrance
systems, side entry
pits traps and gully
trap.
Using coarse mesh plastic trays to
prevent pipe blockage (source: R. Allison)

32
2. Direct screening
devices :
- traps gross solids
by passing flow
through grid, mesh,
rack or net barrier
assembly with flows
perpendicular to the
screening surface
33
 Direct screening devices
can be prone to blockage
and overtopping.

Cleaning debris from blocked

screen can be a task.

34
3. Downwardly inclined screen :
-Comprises a downwardly inclined trash
rack, with a pollutant holding shelf at its
base

35
4. Floating traps :
-flexible floating booms, floating debris traps

36
5. Sediment traps :
- sediment settling basins and ponds, circular
settling tanks, hydrodynamic separators

37
38
1. Continuous Deflective Separation (CDS)
2. Ecosol
3. Rocla Cleansall

39
Continuous Deflective Separation (CDS)

Weir
Weir Vortex
Vortex Separation
Separation
Outlet
Outlet Chamber
Chamber

Self
Self
Cleaning
Cleaning
Screen
Screen
Inlet
Inlet

Diversion
Diversion
Chamber
Chamber 40
 Polluted
Runoff Unpolluted
Waterways

Stormwater
(with trash
& debris)
Stormwater
Separation (water only)
Chamber
(water flows through
trash & debris drop down)
Solids
Collection
Sump
(trash & debris)
41
42
43
ECOSOL

44
 Inlet Access lid

Outlet

Overflow/bypass
channel

Self-cleaning
screens Oil and grease
baffle

45
ROCLA CLEANSALL

Filtration basket

Inlet/bypass channel
Collection/treatment
chamber

Riser outlet

Collection inlet
Overflow weir

Riser channel

Collection outlet
Sediment sump and
basket 46
 Collection/treatment chamber

"Grain" of mesh facing

down
Overflow weir

Sediment sump

47
 ®
CleansAll Gross Pollutant Tr ap - Product Data
3
Unit Type Unit Name Treatment Inlet/Outlet Minimum Depth X Y Z Storage (m )
1 2 3
Flow pipe range to Invert Length Width (min) Sediment Oil
(L/s) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Basket(s) Sump Storage
CleansAll 375 CL375 90 300 - 600 990 2000 1690 2570 0.20 0.07 0.26
CleansAll 600 CL600 320 450 - 750 1070 2730 2365 3170 1.10 0.22 1.09
CleansAll 750 CL750 750 750 - 1200 1510 4000 3310 3610 1.80 0.66 3.16
CleansAll 900 CL900 928 750 - 1200 1510 4000 3310 4370 3.30 0.66 3.16
CleansAll 1200 CL1200 2200 1200-1650 2210 6010 5175 5090 5.70 0.97 10.95
CleansAll 1350 CL1350 2732 1200-1650 2210 6010 5175 5690 9.20 0.97 10.95
VARIABLE

X
48
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

THE RCF 4000 external components

49
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
50
CDS UNIT SELECTION

51
52
 The patented system relies on water hydraulic,
gravity and a screen configuration to remove debris
from runoff.
 As stormwater enters the system’s diversion
chamber, a weir directs the flow in a separation
chamber, where a vortex forms.
 Floatable and suspended solids are pushed onto a
cylinder screen, which deflects them to the center
of the separation chamber.
 The solids then settle into a sump, where they
remain until removal by city staff. 53
54
55
56
 BYPASS

 Direct screening devices – screen progressively blocks

 Reducing and unpredictable flow rates

 CDS – No blocking - Continuous and predictable flow

 Allows use of known modelling parameters

57
 Full bypass capacity (No flooding upstream of CDS)
 Guaranteed Non-blocking (No premature bypass of
pollutants)
 Off-line pollutant storage (No loss of captured
pollutants)
 “Self-cleaning” screen (Continuous operation and lower
maintenance costs)
 Traps sediments as well as gross pollutants
 Captures heavy metals attached to sediments
 Utilizes existing grades – no additional energy required
 May be retrofitted into existing pipes or channel
systems
 Installed below ground - unobtrusive

58
 Description CDS Target
Capture
• Gross Pollutants (> 5mm) 98%
• Course Sediment (> 0.2mm) 90%
• Suspended Solids (TSS) 70%
• Total Phosphorus (TP) 30%
• Free Oil 60%

59
60
 Self–cleaning
screens
Gross pollutant
collection chamber

Inlet Outlet

Access Lid
Oil and grease collection
Hydraulic weir chamber

61
 Vectors pointing
Operation at Designed TFR towards inlet
indicating operation
of hydraulic weir

In Bypass (Flows > TFR)

Vectors pointing
towards outlet
indicating
breakdown of
hydraulic weir

62
 95% of solids greater than 3mm

 86% of fine sediments down to 0.25mm

 Up to 97% free oils and grease

63
 Pollutant Removal Efficiency

Pollutants Efficiency Description

VH
Anthropogenic material such as cans, bottles, plastic
Litter/Gross Pollutants
bags and packing materials. Generally 5mm in diameter
or greater
VH
Vegetation
Organic material such as leaves and grass clippings
VH
Solid material of varying size generally > 0.5mm, both
Coarse Sediment
mineral and organic
M
Fine sand generally <0.1mm medium diameter both
Fine Sediment
mineral and organic
M-H
Free floating oils that do not emulsify in aqueous
Free Oil and Grease
solution, such as cooking and motor oil
L
Total phosphorous & total nitrogen
Nutrients (N & P)

L= low , M = medium, H= high , VH = very high

64
 Z
VARIABLE

X
Y

65
 Developed by Rocla Pipelines and Urban
Water Resources Centre, University of
South, Australia.
 Has a unique basket system to capture
pollutant as well as to remove it.
 Small unit Cleans All used single piece
basket which can be easily removed.
 Larger unit Cleans All used a quarter basket
system.
66
 Large mesh area ensures flow velocity
through mesh is low
 Weight of sinkable pollutants enables them
to settle without being forced against the
mesh - prevents blocking
 Downward facing mesh promotes downward
movement of pollutants - prevents blocking
 Does not rely upon “filtration” of pollutants
67
Adjustable Support frame
separator plate

Stainless steel mesh

baskets

68
 Collection Chamber

Internal bypass weir

69
70
 CL1350 at PJH

CL1200 at R8, PJH CL1200 at R8, PJH

71
72
 CDS
location

Putrajaya P14-7, 830 units Apartments (Nam Fatt Bhd)

73
74
75
76
1 2 3

77
 4

6 5 78
79
80
81
82
 CDS

Taman Botani (Gamuda & Hicom) 83

Tasik Prima (MPSJ)
84
85
 CL1350 at PJH

CL1200 at R8, PJH CL1200 at R8, PJH

86
 CleansAll 900 CleansAll 375

CleansAll 1350 CleansAll 600

87
88
The litter is easily maintained. Either by :
• Vacuum Suction
• Grab/Clamshell - Using a clamshell type
grap bucket
• Installed Basket – Simply lift out pollutants
with a lorry crane

89
90
91
 3

1 2

6
4

92
93
94
95
 Need to specify the required treatable flow rate
– typically 3 month ARI.
 Match this to GPT treatable flow rate.
 Check head losses for peak storm event in full
by-pass with pipe running full.
 Check units ability to capture required pollutants
– gross pollutants, oils, suspended solids
 Check ongoing maintenance methods match
those available.
 Check for confined space entry requirement.
 Check durability of internal and structural
components. 96
97
 Catchment Area
 Time of Concentration
 Return Period

98
 HYDRAULIC DESIGN

Ye s Clie nt No mina te d No INPUT DATA

Flo ws to Tre a t
- Ca tc hme nt Are a
GPTUnit Se le c tio n Pro d uc e ARI
1:3 Mo nths ARI Flo ws Gra p h - Ra infa ll Inte nsity, I

- Time o f
He a d lo ss fo r De sig n Flo w Co nc e ntra tio n, tc

Hyd ra ulic De sig n

INPUT DATA

- He a d lo ss
Clie nt No mina te d - d / s Wa te r Le ve l
Syste m De sig n - u/ s Wa te r Le ve l
Ca pa c ity, Q De sig n - Syste m Q d e sig n
- Ma in Dra in Size to
GPT
- Gra d ie nt
Esta b lish Syste m Ca p a c ity,
Q Syste m

Dive rsio n Cha mb e r De sig n

No Ye s
Ca n Dive rsio n Cha mbe r
Op e ra te with a Fixe d We ir?

Co lla p sib le We ir Se le c tio n

Ca n Dive rsio n Cha mbe r

Op e ra te with a Co lla p sib le Ye s
We ir?

Hyd ra ulic Che c k o f the Syste m

Ca n the Syste m Flo w by Pa ss

GPTUnit witho ut Ca using Ye s
Flo o d ing ?

Pre limina ry De sig n o f GPTUnit is

Co mp le te d
99
THANK YOU

100