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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

INDIASIZE & LOCATION


India is lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere

The land extends between latitudes 88°4 ’N and 37°6 ’N and longitudes 68°7 ’E and 97°25 ’E The Tropic of
Cancer 23° 30 ’ divides India into almost two equal parts

India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 of the total geographical area of the world Thus, it is the 7 th largest
country in the world, by its size India has a land boundary of about 15200 km The total length of the coastline of
the mainland is 75166 km including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep

India is bounded by the mountains in the northwest, north and northeast South of about 22° north latitude, it
begins to taper and extends towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and
the Bay of Bengal on its east Time along the Standard Meridian of India 82°30E ’ passing through Mirzapur (in
Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for India

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India has 28 states and eight Union Territories. India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and
Afghanistan in the northwest China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north Myanmar and
Bangladesh in the east.

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NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES OF INDIA – CAPITAL & STATE-UTS BORDERS
Neighbouring Capital The Indian State/UTs which share Border
Country
Afghanistan Kabul Ladakh (PoK)
Bangladesh Dhaka West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Assam

Bhutan Thimphu West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh & Assam

China Beijing Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and


Arunachal Pradesh
Myanmar Yangon Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur

Nepal Kathmandu Bihar, Uttarakhand, UP, Sikkim and West Bengal

Pakistan Islamabad Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat

Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte It is separated from India by the Gulf of Mannar
(Legislative Capital)
Columbo (Executive
Capital)
Maldives Male It lies in the south-west part of India Ocean below the
Lakshadweep Island.

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1-Bangladesh
Trick-TIME-AM-PM
T- Tripura
A- Assam
M- Mizoram
P- Pashchim Bengal
M- Meghalay

2. China
Trick: जम्मू का सिपाही अरुण हिमालय पर उतरा
जम्मू- जम्मू कश्मीर
सिपाही- सिक्किम
अरुण- अरुणाचल प्रदेश
हिमालय- हिमांचल प्रदेश
उतरा- उत्तराखंड

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Pakistan
Trick: पं. गुजरा
पं. – पंजाब
गु- गुजरात
ज- जम्मू कश्मीर
रा- राजस्थान

-Nepal
Trick: SUBBU
S- Sikkim
U- Uttar Pradesh
B- Bihar
B- Bangal (West Bengal)
U- Uttarakhand

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Myanmar
Trick: अरुणा मामी
अ- अरुणाचल प्रदेश
ना- नागालैंड
मा- मणिपुर
मी- मिजोरम

-Bhutan
Trick: साब- SAAB
S- Sikkim
A- Assam
A- Arunachal Pradesh
B- Bengal (Paschim bengal)

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1.Which of the following pair is not


correctly matched?
(a) Total area of India - 3.28 million sq.
km.
(b) Latitudinal extent - 8º4' N - 37º6' N
(c) Longitudinal extent - 68º7' E -
97º25' E
(d) Number of states in India – 26

ANS-(d) Number of states in India – 26

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2.Area of India is 2.4% of the total area of


the world but its–
(a) population is 16% of world population
(b) population is 17% of world population
(c) population is 18% of world population
(d) population is 28% of world population

ANS-(b) population is 17% of world


population

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3.Which one of the following latitudes


passes through maximum Indian states?
(a)20° N latitude
(b) 22° N latitude
(c) 24° N latitude
(d) 26° N latitude

Ans-(c) 24° N latitude

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4. Tropic of Cancer passes through


(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Tripura
(c) Mizoram
(d) All of these

Ans-(d) All of these

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5.Which of the following Indian state


lies North of the Tropic of Cancer?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Manipur
(c) Mizoram
(d) Tripura

Ans-(b) Manipur

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6.Which of the following city lies on


tropic of cancer ?
(a) Raipur
(b) Jaypore
(c) Bhopal
(d) Ranchi

Ans-(d) Ranchi

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7. The Western most place of India,


‘Guhar Moti’ is situated in which the
State/UT of India.
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Gujarat
(d) Punjab

Ans-(c) Gujarat

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8. Where is the Southern most point of


India located?
(a) Kanyakumari
(b) Great Nicobar
(c) Lakshadweep
(d) Madras

Ans-(b) Great Nicobar

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9.Which one among the following cities is


called the zero-mile center of India?
(a) Kanpur
(b) Allahabad
(c) Nagpur
(d) New Delhi

Ans-(c) Nagpur

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10. How much is the difference between


Indian Standard Time (IST) and Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT)?
(a) + 4.5 hours
(b) + 5.5 hours
(c) -5.5 hours
(d) – 4.5 hours

Ans-(b) + 5.5-hours

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11.In India where do the Tropic of Cancer


and Indian standard time line cross each
other?
(a)Koria ,Chhatishgarh
(b)Bhopla ,Madhyapradesh
(C) Mirza Pur ,Uttar Pradesh
(d) None of the above

Ans-(a)Koria ,Chhatishgarh

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

12. Extension of the international


boundaries of India along with their
neighbouring countries in ascending
order are
(a) China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal
(b) Nepal, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh
(c) Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China
(d) Pakistan, Nepal, China, Bangladesh

Ans-(b) Nepal, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

13.Which of the following is geographically


closest to Great Nicobar?
(a) Sumatra
(b) Borneo
(c) Java
(d) Sri Lanka

Ans-(a) Sumatra

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14. Durand Line demarcated the Indian


boundary with which of the following
countries?
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Burma
(c) Nepal
(d) Tibet

Ans-(a) Afghanistan

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15. Which of the following separates India


and Sri Lanka
(a) Suez Canal
(b) Palk Strait Bay
(c) Gulf of Khambhat
(d) Gulf of Kutch

Ans-(b) Palk Strait Bay

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16. The Siliguri Corridor, also known as


the "Chicken's Neck," is a narrow strip of
land connecting the northeastern states of
India to the rest of the country.
Which two countries surround this
corridor?
(a) Bangladesh and Bhutan
(b) Nepal and Bhutan
(c) China and Nepal
(d) Nepal and Bangladesh

Ans-(a) Bangladesh and Bhutan

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17.Which Indian state shares its border


with Bhutan?
A) Sikkim
B) Assam
C) Uttarakhand
D) Arunachal Pradesh

Ans-A) Sikkim

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18. Arrange the following Indian cities


according to their locations from West
to East.
(a)Bilaspur
(b)Jodhpur
(c) Bhopal
(d) Ranchi

Ans-(b)Jodhpur

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19.What is the Capital of Nagaland.


(a) Imphal
(b) Myanmar
(c) Kolkata
(d) Kohima

Ans-(d) Kohima

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20.In India, how many States are on the coastline?


(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 10

Ans-(c) 9

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21.Which of the following neighbouring countries


of India has the smallest area?
(a) Myanmar
(b) Bhutan
(c) Nepal
(d) Pakistan

Ans-(b) Bhutan

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22. Which of the following states does NOT share


its border with Nepal?
(a)Uttarakhand
(b)Himachal Pradesh
(c)Bihar
(d)Uttar Pradesh

Ans-(b)Himachal Pradesh

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23. How many Indian states shares its border with


Bangladesh?
(a)Three
(b)Four
(c)Six
(d)Five

Ans-(d)Five

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24.Bangladesh is NOT bordered by which of the


following Indian states?
(a)Assam
(b)West Bengal
(c)Nagaland
(d)Meghalaya

Ans-(c)Nagaland

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INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY
On the basis of physical features, India can be divided into following six divisions
1.The Northern mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Indian Desert
4.The Peninsular Plateau
5. The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands.

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NORTHERN MOUNTAINS SYSTEM


(HIMALAYAS)

Himalayas are the outcome of collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate During cretaceous period Indian peninsula
broke away from Gondwana and started its northward journey The Tethys present between the two plates got squeezed
forming as geosyncline As the plate moved northwards, oceanic margin of Indian plate get subducted and which led to
volcanism and part of these rocks are preserved in Ladakh region.

The place where convergence of two plates is taking place


is called the Indus Tsangpo Suture zone

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The Himalayas may be divided into four parallel ranges:
(a) Trans Himalaya
(b) Greater Himalayas or Himadari
(c) Lesser Himalayas or Himachal
(d) Outer Himalayas or Siwaliks

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THE TRANS HIMALAYAS

Also called the Tibetan Himalaya because most of it lies in Tibet The Zaskar, the Ladakh, the Kailas and the Karakoram are the
main ranges. The average elevation is 3000 m above mean sea level The average width of this region is 40 km at the extremities
and about 225 km in the central part.

RANGE
PEAK
Karakoram K2
Ladahk
Saltoro kangri
Zaskar
Kamet Peak
Kailash
Kailash

The Pamir Knot is the junction of five mountain ranges they are the Sulaiman , the Hindu Kush, the Kunlun, the
Karakoram, and the Himalayan ranges

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THE GREAT HIMALAYA

Also known as Inner Himalaya, Central Himalaya, or Himadri The average elevation of 6 100 m above sea level and an average
width of about 25 km. It is mainly formed of the central crystallines (granites and gneisses) overlain by metamorphosed sediments

highest peak Mount Everest which is also known as Sagarmatha(The Goddess of the Sky) Nepal,
Chomlungma (Mother of the World) China

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MIDDLE OR THE LESSER HIMALAYA

In between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Greater Himalayas in the north Runs almost parallel to both ranges It is also called
the Himachal or Lower Himalaya Lower Himalayan ranges are 60 80 km wide and about 2400 km in length Elevations vary from
3500 to 4 500 m above sea level.

In Uttarakhand, the Middle Himalayas are marked by the Mussoorie and the Nag Tibba ranges The Mahabharat Lekh, in southern
Nepal, is a continuation of the Mussoorie Range East of the Kosi River, the Sapt Kosi, Sikkim, Bhutan, Miri, Abor, and Mishmi
hills represent the lower Himalayas The Middle Himalayan ranges are more friendly to human contact The majority of the
Himalayan hill resorts like Shimla, Mussoorie, Ranikhet, Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling, etc are located here

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SHIWALIK RANGE

Also known as Outer Himalayas Located in between the Great Plains and Lesser Himalayas The altitude varies from 600 to 1500
meters Runs for a distance of 2 400 km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley The southern slopes are steep while
the northern slopes are gentle The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal
Pradesh

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LONGITUDINAL DIVISION OF THE HIMALAYAS

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Jammu and Kashmir
NAME SIGNIFICANCE (CONNECTS) COMMENTS
Mintaka Pass Kashmir and China •Trijunction of India-China and Afghanistan border
Parpik Pass Kashmir and China •East of Mintaka pass on the Indo-China border
Khunjerab Pass Kashmir and China •Indo-China border
Ladakh region of India with the Xinjiang •5000 m above sea level.
Aghil Pass
(Sinkiang) Province of China •north of K2 Peak (the highest peak in India and the second highest peak in the world)

•2832 m
Jammu and Srinigar • across the Pir-Panjal Range
•remains snow covered during winter season
Banihal Pass •The road from Jammu to Srinagar transversed Banihal Pass until 1956 when Jawahar Tunnel was constructed under the pass. The
road now passes through the tunnel and the Banihal Pass is no longer used for road transport.
•Another 11 km long tunnel provides railway link between Banihal and Kazigund. It was thrown open to railway transport in July,
2013
•altitude of 5360 m
Chang-La Ladakh with Tibet
•This has a temple dedicated to Chang-La Baba after whom the temple has been named
•5602 m
Khardung La near Leh in the Ladakh range The world’s highest motorable road passes through this pass
•remains closed in winter due to heavy snowfall
India and China (Akasai-Chin area of •this pass provides passage between Ladak and Lhasa. A road to connect Xinjiang
Lanak La
Jammu and Kashmir) Province with Tibet has been constructed by the Chinese
provides the shortest and the easiest metal road between Jammu and Kashmir
Pir-Panjal pass across the Pir Panjal range Valley. But this route had to be closed down as a result of partition of the
subcontinent
Indo-China borer across the Karakoram
Qara Tag La •located at an elevation of over six thousand metres
Range
Imis La Ladakh region of India and Tibet in China
vital link between the Kashmir Valley and
Pensi La •remains closed to traffic from November to mid-May due to heavy snowfall
Kargil
•The road passing through this pass has been designated at the National Highway (NH-
important road link between Srinagar on 1D)
Zoji La one side and Kargil and Leh on the other •Border Road Organisation (BRO) is responsible for maintaining the road and
side cleaning it off snow during winter. In spite of all these efforts, the road through this pass
remains closed from December to mid-May

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Himachal Pradesh

Bara Lacha La Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir


Elevation: 4,890 m
National highway connecting Mandi in Himachal Pradesh with Lehin Jammu and Kashmir passes through this pass. Being
situated at high altitude, it remains snow covered in winter and is not used as a transport route.

Debsa Pass link between Kullu and Spiti districts


elevation of 5270 m above sea level
It offers a much easier and shorter alternative route to traditional Pin-Parbati Pass route between Kullu and Spiti

Rohtang Pass road link between Kullu, Lahul and Spiti Valleys
Elevation: 3979 m
Border Road Organisation(BRO) is responsible for constructing and maintaining roads in this area.R ohtang pass is a great
tourist attraction and trafficjams are very common because this route is widely used by military, public and private vehicles.

Shipki La Himachal Pradesh and Tibet


Elevation: 6000 m
Remains closed in winter season (Nov –Apr)

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UTTARAKHAND

Lipu Lekh trijunction of Uttarakhand (India), Tibet (China) and Nepal borders This pass is used by
pilgrims to Kailash-Mansarowar.

Mana Pass Uttarakhand with Tibet


elevation of 5610 Situated a little north of the holy place of Badhrinath
Remains closed in winter season (Nov –Apr)

Mangsha Dhura Uttarakhand with Tibet It is used by pilgrims going to Kailash-Mansarowar


Niti Pass Uttarakhand with Tibet
Remains closed in winter season (Nov –Apr)

Muling La Uttarakhand and Tibet


situated in the north of Gangotri
at an elevation of 5669 m in the Great Himalayas

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PASSES OF THE EASTERN HIMALAYAS

Sikkim
Nathu La Sikkim with Tibet
altitude of 4310 m
it forms part of an off shoot of the ancient Silk Route
an important trade route between India and China
It was closed after the Chinese aggression on India in 1962 but was reopened in 2006 as the governments of the
two countries decided to enhance their trade through land routes

Jelep La Sikkim-Bhutan border


altitude of 4538 m
passes through Chumbi Valley
important link between Sikkim and Lhasa

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NORTHERN PLAINS INDIA

Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers carried alluvial deposits that formed them. From east to west, the Northern Plains in
Indian Physiography span 3200 km. Alluvium deposits can be found up to 2000 kilometres below the surface.

Bhabar (a narrow belt parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at slope break-up), Tarai (located south of Bhabar, re-emerging without
any clearly demarcated channel, this region has lush growth of natural vegetation), and Alluvial plains (located south of Tarai,
mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms like sand bars, meanders). Khadar and Bhangar are its two
divisions.

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1.The paleomagnetic results obtained


from India indicate that in the past,
the Indian land mass has moved :
(a) Northward
(b) Southward
(c) Eastward
(d) Westward

ANS-(a) Northward

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2.The Indian subcontinent was


originally part of a huge mass called :
(a) Jurassic land mass
(b) Aryavarta
(c) Indiana
(d) Gondwana Continent

ANS-(d) Gondwana Continent

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3.India is divided into how many Natural


Territories ?
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 8

ANS-(b) 6

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4.In which part of Uttarakhand are


artesian wells found?
(a) Bhabhar
(b) Tarai
(c) Shivalik Hills
(d) None of the above

ANS-(b) Tarai

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

5.Which one of the following geographical


regions is the oldest in the country?
(a) Himalayan Mountainous Region
(b) Great Plains of North India
(c) Indian Peninsular Plateau
(d) Eastern Coastal Plains

ANS-(c) Indian Peninsular Plateau

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

6.Kuttanad (or Kuttanadu) of Kerala is famous


for :
(a) A freshwater lake
(b) The region with the lowest altitude in India
(c) A coral island
(d) The westernmost point of India

ANS-(b) The region with the lowest altitude in India

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

7.The Himalayas are formed of parallel fold


ranges, of which the oldest range is –
(a) The Shiwalik Range
(b) The Lesser Himalayas
(c) The Great Himalayan Range
(d) The Dhauladhar Range

ANS-(c) The Great Himalayan Range

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

8.In which part of Himalayas is 'Karewa’


landform found?
(a) North-East Himalaya
(b) Eastern Himalaya
(c) Himachal-Uttarakhand Himalaya
(d) Kashmir Himalaya

ANS-(d) Kashmir Himalaya

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

9.The flat plains along the sub-Himalayan region


in North India, are called –
(a) Tarai
(b) Doon
(c) Khadar
(d) Bhabar

ANS- (d) Bhabar

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

10.The foothills region of Himalayas is –


(a) Trans-Himalayas
(b) Shiwalik
(c) Great Himalayas
(d) Aravali

ANS- (b) Shiwalik

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

11.Shiwalik series was formed in –


(a) Eozoic
(b) Paleozoic
(c) Mesozoic
(d) Cenozoic

ANS- (d) Cenozoic

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

12.The Kumaon Himalaya is situated between


which of the rivers?
(a) Indus and Satluj
(b) Kali and Tista
(c) Satluj and Kali
(d) Tista and Brahmputra

ANS- (c) Satluj and Kali

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

13.The Himalayan Mountain Ranges are not a


part of which of the following states?
(a) Uttarakhand
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Sikkim
(d) Himachal Pradesh

ANS- (b) Uttar Pradesh

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

14.The Lesser Himalaya is located between


(a) Trans Himalaya and Great Himalaya
(b) Shiwalik and Great Himalaya
(c) Trans Himalaya and Shiwalik
(d) Shiwaliks and Outer Himalaya

ANS- (b) Shiwalik and Great Himalaya

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

15.Which one of the following groups is the correct


sequence of mountain peaks from east to west?
(a) Everest, Kanchenjunga, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri
(b) Kanchenjunga, Everest, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri
(c) Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Everest
(d) Everest, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna

ANS- (b) Kanchenjunga, Everest, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

16.Which one of the following states does not lie along


Patkai hills?
(a) Nagaland
(b) Tripura
(c) Manipur
(d) Mizoram

ANS- (b) Tripura

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

17.Cherrapunji is situated :
(a) Naga Hills
(b) Garo Hills
(c) Khasi Hills
(d) Mikir Hills
ANS- (c) Khasi Hills

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

18.Pir Panjal Range is located/found in-


(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Punjab
(d) Uttarakhand

ANS- (b) Jammu and Kashmir

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

19.Between which two mountain ranges is the Valley of


Kashmir situated?
(a) Ladakh and Zanskar
(b) Great Himalayas and Pir Panjal
(c) Great Himalayas and Zanskar
(d) Karakoram and Ladakh

ANS- (b) Great Himalayas and Pir Panjal

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

20.Which of the following is a part of Aksai Chin region:


(a) Karakoram Range
(b) Shiwalik Range
(c) Kashmir Valley
(d) Ladakh Plateau

ANS- (a)Karakoram Range

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

21.Atal Tunnel is across which one of the following


Himalayan ranges?
(a) Zanskar
(b) Western Pir Panjal
(c) Eastern Pir Panjal
(d) None of the above/More than one of the above

ANS- (c) Eastern Pir Panjal

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

22.The Nanda Devi is located in which of the following


state?
(a)Himachal Pradesh
(b)Jammu & Kashmir
(c)Uttarakhand
(d)Uttar Pradesh

ANS- C. Uttarakhand

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

23.Which one of the only regions of the Shivaliks to


preserve its flora and fauna?
(a) Doon
(b) Duar
(c) National Park
(d) Patli Dun

ANS- (c) National Park

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

24.The altitude of Shivalik peaks fall in between…


(a) 750-1300 m
(b) 750-1500 m
(c) 750-1100 m
(d) 850-1200 m

ANS- (d) 850-1200 m

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

25.The Himalayan Mountain Ranges are not a part of


which of the following states?
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Sikkim
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Uttarakhand

ANS- (C) Uttar Pradesh

25.
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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

26.Chumbi Valley is on boundary of


(a) Sikkim – Bhutan
(b) Nepal – Sikkim
(c) Bihar – Nepal
(d) Assam – Bangladesh

ANS- (a)Sikkim – Bhutan

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

27.What are Kingri-Wingri Neeti-Mana?


(a) Passes
(b) Rivers
(c) Mountains
(d) Religious places

ANS- (a) Passes

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

28.Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?


Mountain Pass State
(a) Shipki La – Himachal Pradesh
(b) Bomdila – Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Nathu La – Meghalaya
(d) Zoji La – Jammu and Kashmirr

ANS- (c) Nathu La – Meghalaya

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AMIYA SIR INDIAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS TIME : 3 PM

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