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The land extends between latitudes 88°4 ’N and 37°6 ’N and longitudes 68°7 ’E and 97°25 ’E The Tropic of
Cancer 23° 30 ’ divides India into almost two equal parts
India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 of the total geographical area of the world Thus, it is the 7 th largest
country in the world, by its size India has a land boundary of about 15200 km The total length of the coastline of
the mainland is 75166 km including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep
India is bounded by the mountains in the northwest, north and northeast South of about 22° north latitude, it
begins to taper and extends towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and
the Bay of Bengal on its east Time along the Standard Meridian of India 82°30E ’ passing through Mirzapur (in
Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for India
Pakistan Islamabad Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat
Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte It is separated from India by the Gulf of Mannar
(Legislative Capital)
Columbo (Executive
Capital)
Maldives Male It lies in the south-west part of India Ocean below the
Lakshadweep Island.
2. China
Trick: जम्मू का सिपाही अरुण हिमालय पर उतरा
जम्मू- जम्मू कश्मीर
सिपाही- सिक्किम
अरुण- अरुणाचल प्रदेश
हिमालय- हिमांचल प्रदेश
उतरा- उत्तराखंड
-Nepal
Trick: SUBBU
S- Sikkim
U- Uttar Pradesh
B- Bihar
B- Bangal (West Bengal)
U- Uttarakhand
-Bhutan
Trick: साब- SAAB
S- Sikkim
A- Assam
A- Arunachal Pradesh
B- Bengal (Paschim bengal)
Ans-(b) Manipur
Ans-(d) Ranchi
Ans-(c) Gujarat
Ans-(c) Nagpur
Ans-(b) + 5.5-hours
Ans-(a)Koria ,Chhatishgarh
Ans-(a) Sumatra
Ans-(a) Afghanistan
Ans-A) Sikkim
Ans-(b)Jodhpur
Ans-(d) Kohima
Ans-(c) 9
Ans-(b) Bhutan
Ans-(b)Himachal Pradesh
Ans-(d)Five
Ans-(c)Nagaland
INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY
On the basis of physical features, India can be divided into following six divisions
1.The Northern mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Indian Desert
4.The Peninsular Plateau
5. The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands.
Himalayas are the outcome of collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate During cretaceous period Indian peninsula
broke away from Gondwana and started its northward journey The Tethys present between the two plates got squeezed
forming as geosyncline As the plate moved northwards, oceanic margin of Indian plate get subducted and which led to
volcanism and part of these rocks are preserved in Ladakh region.
Also called the Tibetan Himalaya because most of it lies in Tibet The Zaskar, the Ladakh, the Kailas and the Karakoram are the
main ranges. The average elevation is 3000 m above mean sea level The average width of this region is 40 km at the extremities
and about 225 km in the central part.
RANGE
PEAK
Karakoram K2
Ladahk
Saltoro kangri
Zaskar
Kamet Peak
Kailash
Kailash
The Pamir Knot is the junction of five mountain ranges they are the Sulaiman , the Hindu Kush, the Kunlun, the
Karakoram, and the Himalayan ranges
Also known as Inner Himalaya, Central Himalaya, or Himadri The average elevation of 6 100 m above sea level and an average
width of about 25 km. It is mainly formed of the central crystallines (granites and gneisses) overlain by metamorphosed sediments
highest peak Mount Everest which is also known as Sagarmatha(The Goddess of the Sky) Nepal,
Chomlungma (Mother of the World) China
In between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Greater Himalayas in the north Runs almost parallel to both ranges It is also called
the Himachal or Lower Himalaya Lower Himalayan ranges are 60 80 km wide and about 2400 km in length Elevations vary from
3500 to 4 500 m above sea level.
In Uttarakhand, the Middle Himalayas are marked by the Mussoorie and the Nag Tibba ranges The Mahabharat Lekh, in southern
Nepal, is a continuation of the Mussoorie Range East of the Kosi River, the Sapt Kosi, Sikkim, Bhutan, Miri, Abor, and Mishmi
hills represent the lower Himalayas The Middle Himalayan ranges are more friendly to human contact The majority of the
Himalayan hill resorts like Shimla, Mussoorie, Ranikhet, Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling, etc are located here
Also known as Outer Himalayas Located in between the Great Plains and Lesser Himalayas The altitude varies from 600 to 1500
meters Runs for a distance of 2 400 km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley The southern slopes are steep while
the northern slopes are gentle The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal
Pradesh
•2832 m
Jammu and Srinigar • across the Pir-Panjal Range
•remains snow covered during winter season
Banihal Pass •The road from Jammu to Srinagar transversed Banihal Pass until 1956 when Jawahar Tunnel was constructed under the pass. The
road now passes through the tunnel and the Banihal Pass is no longer used for road transport.
•Another 11 km long tunnel provides railway link between Banihal and Kazigund. It was thrown open to railway transport in July,
2013
•altitude of 5360 m
Chang-La Ladakh with Tibet
•This has a temple dedicated to Chang-La Baba after whom the temple has been named
•5602 m
Khardung La near Leh in the Ladakh range The world’s highest motorable road passes through this pass
•remains closed in winter due to heavy snowfall
India and China (Akasai-Chin area of •this pass provides passage between Ladak and Lhasa. A road to connect Xinjiang
Lanak La
Jammu and Kashmir) Province with Tibet has been constructed by the Chinese
provides the shortest and the easiest metal road between Jammu and Kashmir
Pir-Panjal pass across the Pir Panjal range Valley. But this route had to be closed down as a result of partition of the
subcontinent
Indo-China borer across the Karakoram
Qara Tag La •located at an elevation of over six thousand metres
Range
Imis La Ladakh region of India and Tibet in China
vital link between the Kashmir Valley and
Pensi La •remains closed to traffic from November to mid-May due to heavy snowfall
Kargil
•The road passing through this pass has been designated at the National Highway (NH-
important road link between Srinagar on 1D)
Zoji La one side and Kargil and Leh on the other •Border Road Organisation (BRO) is responsible for maintaining the road and
side cleaning it off snow during winter. In spite of all these efforts, the road through this pass
remains closed from December to mid-May
Rohtang Pass road link between Kullu, Lahul and Spiti Valleys
Elevation: 3979 m
Border Road Organisation(BRO) is responsible for constructing and maintaining roads in this area.R ohtang pass is a great
tourist attraction and trafficjams are very common because this route is widely used by military, public and private vehicles.
Lipu Lekh trijunction of Uttarakhand (India), Tibet (China) and Nepal borders This pass is used by
pilgrims to Kailash-Mansarowar.
Sikkim
Nathu La Sikkim with Tibet
altitude of 4310 m
it forms part of an off shoot of the ancient Silk Route
an important trade route between India and China
It was closed after the Chinese aggression on India in 1962 but was reopened in 2006 as the governments of the
two countries decided to enhance their trade through land routes
Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers carried alluvial deposits that formed them. From east to west, the Northern Plains in
Indian Physiography span 3200 km. Alluvium deposits can be found up to 2000 kilometres below the surface.
Bhabar (a narrow belt parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at slope break-up), Tarai (located south of Bhabar, re-emerging without
any clearly demarcated channel, this region has lush growth of natural vegetation), and Alluvial plains (located south of Tarai,
mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms like sand bars, meanders). Khadar and Bhangar are its two
divisions.
ANS-(a) Northward
ANS-(b) 6
ANS-(b) Tarai
17.Cherrapunji is situated :
(a) Naga Hills
(b) Garo Hills
(c) Khasi Hills
(d) Mikir Hills
ANS- (c) Khasi Hills
ANS- C. Uttarakhand
25.
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