TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Foreign Languages

Division of Linguistics, Culture & Literature

MORPHOLOGY - 001167

Chapter 6: PARTS OF SPEECH:

FORM CLASSES

Designed by Lam Quang Tuyet Minh

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 CHAPTER 6 - CONTENTS
6.1 Definition of parts of speech
6.2 Classification
6.3 Characteristics
6.4 Form classes
6.4.1 Nouns
6.4.2 Verbs
6.4.3 Adjectives
6.4.4 Adverbs
6.4.5 Non-suffixing words
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 6.1. DEFINITION
Parts of speech of words: All words belong to
categories called word classes according to the part
they play in a sentence. (oxforddictionaries.com)

e.g. happiness, tourism, movement => nouns

attractive, morphemic, workable => adjectives
carelessly, homeward => adverbs
beautify, urbanize, bathe => verbs

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 6.2. CLASSIFICATION

To Norman C. Stageberg
FORM - classes

WORD
CLASSES POSITIONAL classes

STRUCTURE classes

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 6.3. CHARACTERISTICS
FORM CLASSES
- Form classes are large and open.
- They admit new members, new words coming
into the language from other languages.

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 6.4. FORM CLASSES
• There are five of these:
NOUNS, VERBS, ADJECTIVES,
ADVERBS, NON-SUFFIXING WORDS

• The membership in a class is determined

by the word FORM.

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 6.4.1 NOUNS

Nouns are identified by two aspects of forms:

+ inflectional morphemes: {-s pl}, {-s ps}
e.g. The authors seem tired.
+ derivational morphemes: added to verbs, adjectives,
nouns, adverbs, and bound forms.
e.g. The quality is pure.
The quality is purity.

 Learn more derivational morphemes to form nouns in

pages 167-169
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 6.4.1 NOUNS

Noun-forming suffixes:
-ance, -ment, -al, -ant, - Nouns
Verbs + sion/ -tion/ -ation, -ure, -
er/-or/-ist, -ing, -ity …

Give the noun form for the words:

accept, achieve, determine, help, paint, depart, deform

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 6.4.1 NOUNS

Noun-forming
suffixes:
Adjectives -ness, - ist, -
 Nouns
+ ism, -ce, -ity, -
th, - dom
….

Give the noun form for the words: big, ideal,

warm, wise, pure

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 6.4.1 NOUNS

Noun-forming suffixes:
-ist, -ship, -dom, -
Nouns + ian, -y, -ism, -  Nouns
hood, -ese …

Give the noun form for the words: friend, mathematics,

monarch, child, Vietnam, gangster

Exercise 12-3 (p.169)

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 6.4.2 VERBS

Verbs are recognized via:

+ inflectional morphemes: {-s 3d}, {-ING vb}, {-ED pt}, {-
ED pp}
e.g. depart – departs – departing - departed – departed
break – breaks – breaking – broke – broken

+ derivational morphemes
e.g. beautify, colonize, strive
 Learn more derivational morphemes to form verbs in page
171
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 6.4.2 VERBS

Verb-forming
suffixes:
Nouns + -the, -ify, => Verbs
-ize, -en

Give the verb form for the words: bath, class,

length, urban

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 6.4.2 VERBS

Verb-forming suffixes:
Adjectives
+ en-, -ize, -ify, => Verbs

-en

Give the verb form for the words: sharp, solemn,

solid, wide, pure, large

Exercise 12-5 (p.171)

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 6.4.3. ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are identified by:

+ inflectional morphemes {-ER cp}, {-EST sp}
e.g. closer, closest
+ derivational morphemes:
e.g. collective, wooden, sensible

 Learn more derivational morphemes to form adjectives

in pages 172-173

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 6.4.3. ADJECTIVES

Nouns + Adj-forming suffixes: => Adjs

-ish, -al, -ary, -ous, -
ific, -ible/ -able, -ful…

Give the adj form for the words: child, nation,

element, science, beauty
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 6.4.3. ADJECTIVES

Adj-forming suffixes:
Verbs + -ive, -ant, -ory, -able, => Adjs
-y, -ous…

Give the adj form for the words: collect, expect,

prosper, shake

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 6.4.3. ADJECTIVES

Adjs + -ly, -ish => Adjs

Give the adj form for the words: dead, red

Exercise 12-7 (p.174)

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 6.4.4. ADVERBS

Adverbs are identified by two indicators:

+ inflectional morphemes: {-ER cp}, {-EST sp}
e.g. harder, hardest
+ derivational morphemes:
e.g. fortunately, clockwise, mealtimes

 Learn more derivational morphemes to form adverbs in

pages 174-175
Exercise 12-8 (p.176)

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 6.4.5 NON-SUFFIXING WORDS

Words that take no inflectional and derivational suffixes.

• Words are traditionally called nouns:
e.g. advice, tennis, evidence, botany
• Words are traditionally called adjectives:
e.g. alive, menial, antic
• Words are traditionally called adverbs:
e.g. often, perhaps, seldom, also, never
• Most of the words in structure classes:
e.g. the, must, quite, from, which, all
Exercise 12-9 (p.177)

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 HOMEWORK
[2]: 34 – 43, 44 - 57

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