ACTION POTENTIAL

Presented by: Zain ul Islam

Ist Semester (BS-MLT)

Presented To: Respected

Teacher Miss
Wajeeha
 (NORMAL CONDITION ACROSS
MEMBRANE)
 More positive outside and more negative inside membrane
 Typical voltage of resting membrane is -70 mV
 Concentration of K+ ion inside membrane is 30 times than
outside
 Concentration of Na+ ion outside membrane is 10 times
than inside
 Na+ and K+ ions are move against the concentration
gradient through Na+ / K+ pump
 For every two K+ ion comes inside, three Na+ goes
outside.
 (WHAT IS ACTION POTENTIAL)

 A Brief reversal of polarity across cell membrane of a

neuron
 It is also known active membrane potential
 It needs threshold stimulus for its creation
 Generally, action potential starts from trigger zone
 Once it is created it travels towards axon
 Threshold stimulus causes the Na+ gates open
DEPOLARIZATION, REPOLARIZATION & HYPERPOLARIZATION

Threshold
 DEPOLARIZATION, REPOLARIZATION & HYPERPOLARIZATION

Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization

As a result of Na+ flux the electrical

potential of the membrane changes from -70 Depolarization of axon membrane
mV towards 0 and than reaches to the 50mV. causes the K+ gates to open, K+ When threshold near to peak, Na+ gates start to close
This change of polarity across two sides of therefore diffuses out of the cell
membrane is called depolarization.


At -55 mV (threshold) Na+ gates open As K+ is positively charged this makes K+ gates are also slow in closing and a little more K+
ions goes outside causing, a slight overshoot in inner
quickly, K+ gates also open but slowly the inside of cell more negative
negative potential than original resting potential.

Electro negative outside and electro positive As K+ continues to enter through Na+ / K+ pump, the
inside lasts for about o1 ms till sodium gates positive charge restores the normal resting membrane
are not closed. potential. Again, polarity becomes at its original state
 (WHAT IS REFRACTORY PERIOD)

 After an action potential, nerve fiber undergoes a recovery period in which it

regulates its original ionic distribution and polarity and prepares itself for next
stimulation. This recovery period is known as refractory period.
 During or after such a short time of membrane potential, it’s impossible to
regenerate that part again immediately.
 That part needs to be stimulated again to prepare for next stimulation.
 Action potential takes place only in one direction.
 It lasts for 4 milliseconds.
THANK YOU ALL. . . ..