Blood

Chapter 21

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Chapter 21 Level 1 Objectives
 List the functions of blood

 List the % each of the following contributes to the overall

volume of blood:
› Plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes

 List the 3 major components of plasma

› List the proteins of plasma

 List Plasma proteins from most to least abundant

 List the 3 formed elements

Chapter 21 Level 1 Objectives
 Define Hematocrit, antigen, antibody, leukocyte,
diapedesis, chemotaxis

 Describe the anatomy of an erythrocyte

 Describe the difference between granulocytes and

agranulocytes

 List the 5 types of leukocytes

 Describe the anatomy and function of a platelet

Chapter 21 Level 2 Objectives
 Describe the functions of each plasma protein

 Describe the anatomy of hemoglobin

 Describe the anatomy and function of each

leukocyte

 Describe the antigens and antibodies present in

each of the blood types
 Chapter 21 Level 3 Objectives
 Describe the life cycle of a erythrocyte

 Describe the results of a blood transfusion for

various scenarios.
 Introduction
Blood
›Fluid connective tissue
›Contains: cells, proteins, and plasma
›1 degree higher than body temp: 38C
 Functions of Blood

Transportation: O2 &
CO2, nutrients, & waste

Regulation : body temp, pH,

fluid volume

 Protection: immune
response & produce
Antibodies
 Composition of Blood

Figure 21.1
Plasma
 Plasma
 Straw colored liquid
 55% of blood
 Contains proteins
› 7% of plasma
 Albumin
 Globulins
 Fibrinogen
 Reg. Proteins
 Plasma Proteins

 Albumin
› Most abundant
› H2O Regulations
› Transport protein
 Hormones, ions
Plasma Proteins
 Globulin
› 2nd largest
 37%
› Alpha & Beta:
 Protects lipids
› Gamma:
 Antibodies
 Plasma Proteins
 Fibrinogen
› Blood Clot Formation
 Regulatory Proteins
› <1%
› Enzymes, hormones

 “A good friend
remembers”
Formed Elements
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
 Erythrocytes

 Hematocrit: % of the
volume of all RBC’s

 females from 38%–

46% and 42%–56% in
males
 Erythrocytes
 Red blood cells/RBCs,
 Formed element: lack nuclei and organelles
 Transport respiratory gases
 Hemoglobin in Erythrocytes
 280 million molecules in 1
RBC
› red-pigmented protein

 transports O2 & CO2

 4 globin protein molecules:

1. Two alpha (α) chains
2. Two beta (ß) chains
 Hemoglobin
 4 globins
› 4 nonprotein heme
groups
 4 iron (Fe2+)
molecule.
 4 O2’s

 1 hemoglobin molecule
can bind to 4 O2/CO2.
 Erythrocytes life cycle
 No nucleus = no repair
 120 days
 Broken down and recycled
 Recycling the Components of Aged or
Damaged Erythrocytes

Figure 21.6
 Recycling the Components of Aged
or Damaged Erythrocytes

Figure 21.6
 Recycling the Components of Aged
or Damaged Erythrocytes
 In Liver: Heme  bilirubin bile
 Iron carried by ferritin Marrow to be reused
 RBC protein membranes Free amino acids
 Blood Typing
 RBC Plasma Membrane: Surface antigens
 Proteins that help recognize a cell
 ABO Blood Group
 Surface antigen A and B
 RH
Blood Typing
Leukocytes
 Leukocytes
 Contain nucleus &
organelles, no hemoglobin

 1.5 to 3 times larger than

RBC’s.

 Various immune response

& defend against
pathogens.
 Leukocytes
 Example Response:

› Leave the Bv’s via

diapedesis.

› Attracted to infection by
damaged cells via
chemotaxis.
 Classification of Leukocytes
 5 types divided into 2 classes (granulocytes and
agranulocytes)
› presence or absence of visible organelles termed
granules.

 Granulocytes:
› Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

 Agranulocytes
› Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Granulocytes
 Name Anatomy Function

Multilobed nucleus Phagocytize Pathogens

Neutrophil Light purple granules (bacteria)
 Name Anatomy Function

Bilobed Nucleus Destroy parasites

Eosinophil Red Granules
 Name Anatomy Function

Many dark purple granules Releases Histamine

Basophil
Agranulocytes
 Name Anatomy Function

Lymphocyte Large dark purple nucleus Coordinate immune response

“Halo” of cytoplasm Create Antibodies (gamma
globulins)
 Name Anatomy Function

Monocyte Kidney-shaped nucleus Creates Macrophages

Never let monkeys eat bananas
 Platelets
 Irregular membrane-
enclosed cellular fragments
› shed cytoplasm from cells in
the red bone marrow
 ¼ the size of erythrocytes
 Blood Clotting
 Chapter 21 Level 1 Objectives
1. List the functions of blood

2. Erythrocytes contribute to ___% of the overall volume of

blood.
A. 55 B. 45 C. 44 D. 1

3. Which is not a protein found in plasma?

A. Glowin B. Albumin C. Fribrinogen
D. Regulatory Proteins E. All of the above are in plasma

4. List the 3 formed elements

Chapter 21 Level 1 Objectives
5. ______ is the process of signaling leukocytes to
an injured area via chemicals.
A. Diapedesis B. Chemotaxis C. Antigen
D. Antibody E. None of the above

6. Agranulocytes/granulocytes are lacking visible

granules in their cytopolasm.

7. List the 5 types of leukocytes