Group 4

Presentation
 COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS OF JUDAISM,
CHRISTIANITY, AND
ISLAM
 Introduction
•The three Abrahamic religions all originated from a region we now call Southwest
Asia.
•Also called Semitic religions since they came from an area where people speak
Semitic languages, particularly Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic.
 Origin
•Judaism from a land called Canaan
•Christianity began in Palestine
•Islam developed in Arabia
Judaism
• Oldest among three Abrahamic
religions beginning at 3,500 B.C.E
• The patriarch of this was Abraham-
Father of All Nations, and heir to the
Promised Land Canaan.
 Christianity
• The second oldest religion was formed
around 33 C.E.
• Christians trace their origins to Jesus Christ, born around
4 B.C.E. while the area was under the Roman Empire. It
was a time characterized by social disorder, political
turmoil, uprisings, poverty, heavy taxation, food shortage,
and epidemics.
• In the midst of these sufferings, the Jewish people were
secretly hoping and waiting for God to fulfil His promise
that of sending His Son to redeem them from their
oppressive state.
 Islam
youngest of the Abrahamic religions, started around
622 C.E., considered as the beginning of the Islamic
calendar.
• Arabic word "submission or surrendere
lated to salaam, Arabic word for peace
•Originated from Mecca
•Muhammad, considered the last prophet or "Seal of
the Prophet
 Commonalities
• If we compare the origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, we can
see that they share more commonalities than differences
• They are monotheistic religion
• Emphasized the importance of having a covenant with God
Morality
Judaism morality and ethics are based on the covenant between the Jews and God: that they are God's chosen people
and in return they should follow His commandments, specifically the Ten Commandments found in the Torah.
Although there are around 613 commandments (mitzvoth) in the Torah, the Ten Commandments serve as a
summary of all the laws found in the Torah.

shares a lot in common with Judaism since both religions use the Hebrew Bible, where the Ten Commandments
Christianity

were listed. Thus, in Christianity, murder, adultery, and theft are also considered evil and should be avoided if one
wants to live a moral life. Aside from the Ten Commandments, Christianity also considers following in Jesus
Christ's footsteps as basis of morality.

concept of morality and ethics is based on having faith in one God, which is manifested in exhibiting
ISLA

righteousness and piety. A strong relationship with God is the key to achieving virtue and right conduct.
Since Islam is considered not only as a religion but as a way of life as well, moral righteousness is
M

expected of Muslims in their everyday lives

 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share a lot in terms of morality and ethics.
• First, emphasis on the worship of one God as the basis of morality.
• Second, concern for others as a manifestation of one's love of God. Judaism and Christianity
share the Ten Commandments as the written code of morality, with emphasis on the avoidance of
committing murder, adultery, and theft.
• Meanwhile, based on the Quran, Islam emphasized the need to possess traits such as holiness
and righteousness as guidelines in becoming morally good.
• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam believe that God is the only source of forgiveness for humanity
and only those who follow the righteous path will go to heaven, while those who lived a life
away from God will go to hell.
 Purpose
• Judaism is also based on the covenant between God and the people,
particularly the Jewish people who were considered the "Chosen People of
God." And because they were chosen by God and created according to God's
image, Jews should strive to become god-like and possess the attributes and
traits of God by being holy. Only when people achieve holiness, primarily by
following the Ten Commandments, can they perform acts emulating God
such as helping the needy and the oppressed.
•In Christianity, the purpose of life is to love and serve God, who created the universe
purposefully so it is basically good. Since the creation was purposeful, everything and
everyone is naturally important.
• The purpose of life according to Islam is to love and serve God. The fact that Islam
means "surrender" means that a Muslim must submit to Allah and recognize that
Mohammad is His prophet.
• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have commonalities with regard the purpose of life.
• All three religions believe that the main purpose of life is to worship and serve God,
follow God's will, and show this love of God by sharing with other people and helping
the ones in need.
• Since we are all created in God's image, our purpose is to live according to God's ways,
and even though we cannot imitate Him absolutely, we need not worry for He is always
willing to forgive us of our sins.
• We should all strive to become worthy caretakers of everything God created and assist
in implementing God's divine plan.
 Destiny
• Judaism believes in predetermination, which means that it is God who
decides on a person's basic lifespan, wealth, and opportunities, but it is still
humanity's free will that is the deciding factor.
• A person's duty is to overcome evil by choosing goodness in everything he
or she does.
• To allow people to choose goodness over evil, God allowed people into
different stations in life.
• The main reason why God puts people in certain situations in life is for
them to serve God according to their destiny.
• Christianity has a similar concept of destiny. God wanted all of humanity to be
saved, for God created hell not for humans but for Satan and his demons (2 Peter
2:4).
• Therefore, it is humanity's pre-destiny to be saved. (Predestination refers to the
belief that all events are determined in advance by divine will or fate.) But since
God also gave us free will, it is up to us to claim that salvation.
• For Roman Catholics, doing good deeds will merit salvation, while for
Protestants, faith in Jesus Christ and accepting Him as his/her Savior will earn us
eternal life. In the story of creation, Adam and Eve were predestined by God to
live in paradise forever.
• In Islam, predestination is more emphasized than in Judaism and Christianity.
• Just like in Judaism and Christianity, Muslims believe they are given free will
by God which allows them to live their lives as they wish.
• But unlike Judaism and Christianity wherein free will might lead people to
disobey God's plan, in Islam even the decision they make out of free will is
governed by God's will.
• Muslims believe that if something is not meant by God to happen, it will not
happen no matter how hard we try to make it happen. And if something is willed
by God to happen, it will happen no matter how hard we try to prevent it from
happening.
 Views on women
• Women are treated as subordinate to men in the three Abrahamic religions; they only differ in
the levels of women subordination.
• In the Hebrew Bible, there are passages which show low regard for women, such as the
passage wherein women viewed as unclean or impure for 40days after giving birth to a baby
boy, and 80 days for baby girl.
• Unequal view of men and women because they believe that men are superior to women, they
are excluded from priesthood and religious duties
• Divorced is also allowed
 • Christianity tends to have higher regard for women as shown by
Jesus use of women as positive examples in most parables
• Men and women have the equal capacity of eternal salvation of the
soul
 • Islam belief in Ummah or promote equality among all races, ethnicities, and
genders, is supposed to have high regard for women
• Men treats women equally for stated in QURAN that they are equals in the eyes of
God and fulfill same duties
• Women should be given dowry or property given by husband upon marriage, and
they have right of inheritance and property ownership
• Women are also political leaders in the history of Muslim expansion in West Asia
and even in Europe
• Muhammad decided that men should allowed to have more than one wife to
accommodate widows and orphans of those who died, slavery, and concubinage or
practice having mistresses.
• Allowed four wives
thank
you!