LIGHT : MIRRORS

AND LENSES
 Key Questions
1.How do the laws of reflections and refraction
explain the functions of some optical
instruments?

2.How does changing the location of the object

from the lens/ mirror affect the image formed?

3. How does changing the focal length of the

lens/ curved mirror affect the image formed?
MELC

 Predict the qualitative characteristics

(location, orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane
and curved mirrors and lenses. S10 FE –IIg- 50
Specific Objective

 Construct ray diagrams to determine the

location, orientation, size, and type of images
formed by curve mirror.
The simpler method relies on two rules of reflection for concave mirrors. They are:
•Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will
pass through the focal point upon reflection.
•Any incident ray passing through the focal point on the way to the mirror will travel
parallel to the principal axis upon reflection.
 STEPS in RAY DIAGRAMMING
1. From the object, draw the first ray (P – F ray). From the
same point on the object, draw the second (F – P ray),
third (C – C ray), and fourth (V ray) rays.

2. The intersection of the four rays is the image point

corresponding to the object point.
( For example, if you started diagramming from the tip of
the arrow-shaped object, the intersection of the reflected
rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped image. Thus, you
can determine completely the position and characteristics
of the image.

3. For a convex mirror, light rays diverge after reflection

and converge from a point that seems to be behind the
mirror (virtual focus); but the procedure for locating
images is the same as for concave mirror.
 Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection

II. Objective:
Construct ray diagrams to determine
the location, orientation, size, and type of
images formed by curved mirror.

III. Materials:
• Protractor and ruler
• Sheets of paper
Procedure:
1. Using the protractor and the ruler, copy each of the
diagrams (A – G) below on a separate sheet of paper. As
much as possible, use the four principal rays to locate the
image formed in a curved mirror.
2. Use a table similar to Table 6 below to summarize the characteristics and location of
the images formed.
Guide Questions

Q14. Refer to Table 6. How does the location of the object

affect the characteristics and location of the image formed
in a concave mirror? Convex mirror?

Q15. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to clearly

see the images of our teeth? Why?

Q16. What kind of curved mirror do you see in most of the

department stores? Why do they use such kind of mirror?
PRETEST
12.The size of the image is always smaller than the object in____________ .
A. concave mirror B. convex mirror C. plane mirror D. silver mirror
What
Why they
are the
aretypes
calledof
Spherical
Spherical Mirrors?
Mirrors?
 Convex and Concave
mirrors have curved surfaces.
1. Concave Mirror
- it is a curved mirror in which
the reflective surface bulges
away from the light source.
- It is called Converging Mirror
because the parallel incident
rays converge or meet/
intersect at a focal point after
reflection
Visualizing a Reflections in A Concave Mirror

Parallel rays converge after reflection

on a concave mirror
Visualizing a Reflections in A Concave Mirror

A concave mirror concave mirror reflects all

light rays travelling parallel to the optical
axis so that they pass through the focal point
 C F V

Center of curvature (c)- the center of

the sphere whose surface forms the
curved mirror.
Radius of curvature (R) - the distance
from the vertex to the center of the
curvature
 C F V

Vertex (V) – is the center of the reflecting

surface of the mirror.
Principal Axis (Optical) – is the line drawn
through the center of the curvature and
the vertex of the mirror.
 C F V

Focal point ( F ) – incident rays of light parallel

to the principal axis hitting the mirror.
Focal length - the distance along the optical
axis from the center of the mirror to the focal
point focal length.
 C F V

Focal point ( F ) – incident rays of light parallel

to the principal axis hitting the mirror.
Focal length - the distance along the optical
axis from the center of the mirror to the focal
point focal length.
How are image formed in a concave mirror?
 The image formed by a concave mirror depends on
the position of the object relative to its focal point.
 If the object is farther from the mirror than the
focal point, the image appears to be upside
down, or inverted.
 The size of the image decreases as the object is
moved farther away from the mirror.
 If the object is closer to the mirror than one focal
length, the image is upright and gets smaller as the
object moves closer to the mirror.
Parallel rays diverge after reflection
on a convex mirror
Convex Mirrors - has a reflecting surface that
curves outward and causes light rays to
spread apart, or diverge,
 the image always is upright and smaller
than the object.
Figure 11. Reflection from Concave and Convex Mirror
 Real
1. A real image is formed
when light rays actually
meet after reflection.
2. A real image can be
formed on a screen.
3. A real image is inverted
with respect to the object.
e.g. The image of a
distance object formed by
a concave mirror.
Virtual
1. A virtual image is
formed when light rays
do not actually intersect
after reflection, but
they appear to diverge
from the mirror.
2. A virtual image cannot
be formed on a screen.
3. A virtual image is erect
with respect to the object.
e.g. The image of an object
formed by a convex mirror.