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Par Syn Gen
Par Syn Gen
of Synchronous Generators
Based on Sections 5.9
of the Textbook
Generators being paralleled with a running power
system
G1 Load
G2
Gn
Why are synchronous generators operated in parallel?
G1 Load
G2
Gn
Frequency-Power and Voltage-Reactive Power
Characteristics
• Prime movers: Steam turbine, diesel
turbine, wind turbine, water turbine,
and gas turbine.
• As the power drawn from prime
movers increases, the speed at which
they turn decreases. The decrease is nnl - nf l
usually nonlinear. Some form of SD 100%
governor mechanism is usually nf l
included to make the decrease in
speed linear with an increase in power nnl is the no load prime mover speed
demand.
nfl is the full load prime mover speed.
• Whatever governor mechanism is
present on a prime mover, it will
always be adjusted to provide a slight
drooping characteristics with
increasing load. The speed droop (SD)
of a prime mover is defined by the
equation:
nnl
nnl
nfl nfl
r/min Hz
Pfl Pfl
Power KW Power kW
The relation between frequency and power
P S P f nl - f sys
P power output of the generator
f nl no - load frequency of the generator
f sys operating frequency of system
S P slope of curve, in kW/Hz or MW/Hz.
Operation of generators in parallel with large
power systems
fe VT
Pinf bus PG
Pload
Operation of generators in parallel with other
generators of the same size
The power house
Generator 1 fe Generator 2
60 Hz
PG1 PG2
Ptot Pload PG1 PG 2
In the case of two generators are operating together
• The system is constrained in that the total power supplied by the two
generators together must equal the amount consumed by the load.
• To adjust the real power sharing between generators without changing fsys,
simultaneously increase the governor set points on one generator while
decreasing the governor set points on the other. The machine whose
governor set point was increased will assume more of the load.
• To adjust fsys without changing the real power sharing, simultaneously
increase or decrease both generator’s governor set points.
• To adjust the reactive power sharing between generators without changing
VT, simultaneously increase the field current on one generator while
decreasing the field current on the other. The machine whose field current
was increased will assume more of the load.
• To adjust VT without changing the reactive power sharing, simultaneously
increase or decrease both generator’s field currents.
Important! from the textbook
I Im Underexcited Overexcited
Ef V = fixed in magnitude,
Ef
phase, and frequency
Infinite bus
V
Re