Ranking Of Sites Based On Continuous Voltage

Disturbances
Aryan Sindhav

MOTIVATION MODEL BASICS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Vulnerability of Electronic Components

 Algorithm Selection: The random forest classifier was chosen for its
 Electronic and digital components in equipment used by electricity robustness in handling high-dimensional datasets in power quality Site no. A B C D E F G H I J
consumers are more susceptible to power quality disturbances. analysis, validated against SVM, Gradient Boosting, and neural networks.
Voltage (V) 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.8
 Deregulation in the electricity market has increased the importance of Its ensemble nature and ability to handle missing values and outliers
good power quality, as user expectations drive interest in EPQ,. justified its selection. Unbalance(U) 0.4 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.2

Flicker(F) 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.2 1.6 1
Challenges in Rural Areas
Harmonics(H) 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.6
 Power quality problems are more severe in rural areas, where network
PQIaverage 0.325 0.425 0.425 0.375 0.35 0.75 1.15 0.975 1.25 1.4
design and electricity availability are not adequately considered.
PQImaximum 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.8
Evaluation Approaches UPQIexceedance 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.3 2.6

 EPQ evaluation and control approaches in various countries depend UPQI-CD 12.22 13.5 12.8 12.7 12.5 17.5 27.35 21.68 30 35
on the compatibility with disturbance levels in power supply and
equipment susceptibility. Fig. Power Quality Index of 10 sites Using Different Methods.
 Accurate information from utilities regarding the actual level of
disturbance is crucial.

Difficulty in Characterisation
 Lack of acceptable standards and characterisation methods UPQI UPQI
for different EPQ disturbances make it challenging to RANK
AVERAGE MAXIMUM PROPOSED ML
compare sites and utilities effectively. METHOD METHOD (EXEEDANCE (MATRIX METHOD
METHOD) METHOD)
1 A A A A A

2 E B B E J

3 D C/D/E C/D/E D B

MECHANISMS
4 B/C D/E/C D/E/C C C

5 C/B E/C/D E/C/D B D

Fig. Flowchart of Random Forest Algorithm. 6 F G F F E

7 H F/I G H F
 Feature Importance Analysis: Post-training, a Gini impurity index-based 8 G I/F H G G
feature importance analysis identified key attributes influencing power
9 I J I I H
 Data Collection Mechanism: Real-world utility datasets and simulated quality metrics. Insights guided decisions on feature engineering,
data integrated. Standardisation for disparate data formats and recording dimensionality reduction, and attribute exclusion for improved model 10 J H J J I
frequencies. efficiency. Fig. Ranking of sites using different methods.

 Data Preprocessing Mechanism: Outlier identification, imputation, and
normalisation techniques applied. Feature engineering for enhanced
representational capacity.
 Model Development and Training Mechanism: Random Forest
Classifier chosen for robustness in high-dimensional datasets. Hyper-
parameter tuning, feature importance analysis, cross-validation
implemented.
 Comparative Framework Implementation: Parameters like scalability,
adaptability, and computational efficiency evaluated. ML-based approach
showcased flexibility and superior scalability.
 Power Quality index Calculation and Ranking: Proposed ML method
used for calculating indices for voltage, unbalance, flicker, and harmonics.
Site ranking demonstrated the clarity and simplicity of the proposed ML
method.
 Hyper parameter Tuning: A meticulous hyper-parameter tuning process
using grid search, random search, and bayesian optimisation optimised
the random forest model. Cross-validation balanced model complexity and
performance.
 Model Training Pipeline: Data preprocessing involved normalisation,
scaling, and handling missing values/outliers. Feature engineering
enhanced model discriminatory power. Iterative model fitting with stratified FUTURE WORK
sampling maintained class balance.
 Cross-Validation Strategies: Diverse cross-validation methods,
including k-fold, leave-one-out, and stratified shuffle split, rigorously
 Explore advanced feature engineering techniques like wavelet
assessed model reliability and generalisability. Metrics such as accuracy,
transformation or deep learning-based extraction to enrich the dataset.
precision, recall, and AUC-ROC provided nuanced insights.
 Develop a continuous learning system that integrates real-time data
streams for enhanced adaptability to dynamic changes in power quality.
 Validation on Unseen Data: Simulated scenarios reflecting diverse
 Assess the performance of advanced beyond Random Forest, such as
operational conditions were used to stress-test the model. The validation
deep learning architectures or ensemble methods.
mimicked real-time utility scenarios, assessing the model’s adaptability
 Implement robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard the ML model and
and resilience to unforeseen variations in power quality metrics.
associated data in critical infrastructure like power distribution networks.