The term ADVERB is used to include different lexical terms which have few

common characteristics.

Traditionally, adverbs mean adverbs of time: He came yesterday

adverbs of place: She went home
adverbs of manner: They spoke politely

Many adverbs end in (ly): badly / carefully/ foolishly/ bravely / thankfully

 Adverbs in English

Adverbs in English realize two functions in a clause or a sentence:

1. They may be a constituent of a sentence:

John is reading slowly. ( an optional element or constituent – it can

be deleted)
Alex was running quickly. (optional)

John is here. (not optional – cannot be deleted)

I am upstairs. (not optional)
2- They may modify another element of the sentence.

As a modifier, an adverb may premodify an adjective:

The food is really good.

The story was very interesting.
The movie is really awesome.
The food was so delicious.
Tom was so exhausted.
I found it extremely difficult to talk to her.
Claire was rather quiet.
He is too mad.
As a modifier, an adverb may premodify an adverb:

The boys walked unusually slowly.

Jeff is running very fast.
Jenny is reading so quickly.
Please work very carefully.
Robin was speaking so rudely.
I eat quite healthily.
He drives really carefully.
As a modifier, an adverb may premodify a noun phrase:

That was quite a story.

It takes quite a lot of courage to jump from a plane.

He told such funny stories.

It was rather a mess.

I have never heard such a wicked talk.

Morphologically, English has three types of adverbs:

1. Simple: made up of a single word:

just / down / always / back / so / very / well / yet

2. Compound: made up of two words:

somehow / therefore / downstairs / indoors / furthermore

3. Derivational:
quickly / slowly / clockwise / sideways / backwards / forward / away /
apart / abroad / aside
 CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

A large number of adverbs are derived from adjectives by the

addition of the –ly suffix. However, certain adjectives such as (hard /
fast / late / early / long / daily / monthly / direct) do not take the –ly
suffix and are used as adverbs also:

He is a hard worker. (adjective)

He works hard. (adverb)

This is a fast car. (adjective)

This car runs fast. (adverb)
He is known for his late arrival. (adj.)
She arrived late. (adv.)

We ate an early lunch. (adj.)

I was planning to finish work early today. (adv.)

He had a long and distinguished career. (adj.)

We hadn't known them long. (adv.)

This is a daily newspaper. (adj.)

The museum is open daily. (adv.)

There was no direct flight that day. (adj.)

Does this bus go direct to the airport? (adv.)
Some adjectives have two forms of adverbs:

Adjective: This is a high ceiling.

Adverb: Jump as high as you can.
-ly adverb: They think highly of you.

Adjective: Our new television has a very clear

picture.
Adverb: Stand clear of the doors, please.
-ly adverb: I'm afraid I'm not expressing myself
very clearly.

Other examples are:

Direct / directly
Slow / slowly
The position of adverbs in sentences is variable. The majority occur
in final position. However, they may occur initially, medially and
finally in sentences:

Finally: She ate quickly.

Medially: She quickly ate her dinner and ran out.

Initially: Quickly, he slipped under the table and hid himself.

 EXAMPLES OF DISJUNCTS IN SENTENCES

Frankly, Martha is a bit scary.

Fortunately, no one was hurt.
We regretfully cannot serve early morning tea.
Personally, I'd have nothing to do with them.
Perhaps you can help me.
Undoubtedly, she is the winner.
Obviously, she has no wish to help us.
Honestly, I didn't do it.
Clearly, the mail did not come today due to it being a national
holiday.