Professional Documents
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MOBILE
RADIOGRAPHIC
UNIT
Presented by :
Dr Manjushree B M
Junior Resident
Introduction
Machines used for severely ill and unable
patients, who cannot be brought in the
radiology department.
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Portable unit
Portable - can be carried by one able bodied
person at a time.
Simple
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Components
1. Tube head:
(A) X-ray tube: Self-rectified, Stationary anode,
single focal spot of 1.0mm.
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2. Tube stand:
support for the tube head,
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Fig: Schematic diagram of components of portable unit
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Advantages
permit radiographic examination in locations
Disadvantages
Low output a typical maximum is 80 KVp at 15 mA
for 1 second.
Difficult to maintain aspects of radiation protection.
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Mobile
Mobile means capable of being moved.
Tube stand
High tension
transformer
Control unit
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Tube:
Focal spot
About 1.0mm for fine focus
2.0 mm for broad focus.
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Tube stand:
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Rotation around the centre of the column, (R)
Cross arm movements the extension of the tube head away from the
centre of the column ,(A)
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Mobile classification
By two ways:
1. By power supply:
Capacitor discharge unit
2. By output:
Low Power Mobiles: 10 to 30mA and 40 to 90
kVp.
Average Power Mobiles:100 to 150 mA and 40-
95 kVp.
High power mobiles : upto 300 mA and 125
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Capacitor Discharge Mobile Unit
Principle:
When charge circuit is activated, voltage from HTT
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Fig : showing the working of capacitor discharge
unit
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CONTD…
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X-ray Tube: +
Rotating anode tube with single focal spot size of
1.2mm and heat storage capacity of 80,000 HU.
Grid controlled:
Uses a third electrode i.e. focusing cup to control
flow of electrons from filament to target.
Voltage across filament-grid produces electric field
along path of electron beam that pushes e-s closer.
Exposure start & stop controlled by voltage on grid.
Large enough negative voltage on grid blocks tube
current from cathode to anode.
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Control Unit
Automatic charging circuit for charging the
capacitor.
The kV range is from 30kv to 125kv. If pre selected
Kv is altered after charging, the tube voltage is
automatically adjusted to the new value.
A single mAs control, rather than mA and
exposure time being selected separately. The units
are usually designed to operate at a high, fixed
mA value, so that exposure time becomes the main
variable by default.
mAs control has 15 steps range from 2 mAs to 60
mAs.
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Advantages:
less bulky and easily controllable.
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Shorter exposure time by use of grid controller.
Limitations:
Limited mAs output.
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Battery Powered Mobile Unit
Also called cord less mobile unit.
Ni-Cd batteries are used as a source of energy for x
ray exposure .
The generator is referred to as constant potential
generator (CPG).
Power supply is used to charge the batteries.
The batteries produces low voltage DC charge.
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Major Components of battery Powered
X Ray machine
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Disadvantages
Heavy
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Care and maintenance:
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Essential features of mobile unit for
fluoroscopy
The x ray tube
Control consol
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The x ray tube and image intensifier:-
Mounted opposite to each other at the end of C –arm.
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The input phosphor of the image intensifier is
cesium iodide which gives good contrast.
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Movements
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Fig: Block diagram of sequence of transference of signal
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Control unit :
Kilovoltage for fluoroscopy or radiography
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High Frequency Generator
Recently high frequency generators are more
popular for use in radiology for
mammography and mobile units.
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Uses inverter circuit.
The DC power supply
produces a constant voltage
from either a single phase
or three phase input line
source.
inverter circuit creates the
high frequency AC
waveform.
This AC current supplies
the high voltage
transformer and creates a
waveform of fixed high
voltage and corresponding 45
After rectification and smoothing two high
voltage capacitor on the secondary circuits
accumulates electron charges. These capacitors
produce a voltage across the x-ray tube, that
depends upon the accumulated charges
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Fig: Block diagram of high frequency generator
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Mobile CR
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Digital portable unit
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Construction
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Includes a transport case housing several
components, a digital x-ray image sensor and
x-ray generator.
A pt. support unit is disposed b/w image
sensor and x-ray generator.
An image display unit is connected to image
acquisition unit and spaced from generator.
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The image sensor is a thin film transistor (TFT)
based digital x-ray image sensor. Preferably,
digital image sensor is about the same size as
standard medical x-ray films. The sensors can
be grouped into two categories:
1)indirect x-ray sensors
2) direct x-ray sensors
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indirect x-ray sensors: feature a TFT
photodiode array that is sensitive to visible
light. These sensors are covered by an x-ray to
light converter such as gadolinium oxysulfide
or cesium iodide which converts each incident
x-ray photon into light photons. The light
photons are converted into electronic charge at
each pixel photodiode.
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direct x-ray sensors: is coated with amorphous
selenium which converts incident x-rays
directly into electronic charge at each pixel.
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In order to display images
generated by image sensor
image display unit is
provided with software
that at least supports
images in DICOM and
JPEG format.
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Table : Tube parameters of digital portable
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Digital mobiles
The digital mobile units are the ultimate
solution to mobile X-ray imaging for
digitization in ER, traumatology, intensive care
units (ICU), in patient wards and pediatrics.
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The system meets today’s and future clinical
demands providing the premium solution for
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Digital mobile units
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Features
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Indicators: Digital display of kVp, mAs and
Time, X-Ray, Ready, mA Station and Fault
Indicators
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Thank you
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