Mantoverde Division

Mantoverde Geology
Marcelo Cortés, Mine Geologist

VISITE GEOLOGISTS
.
Mantoverde, June 2007
Mantoverde Heap Leaching, Oxide Plant and Open Pit
•MANTOVERDE IS LOCATED IN THE
ATACAMA DESERT ( 900 m.s.n.m. )
•100 Km AT NORTH FROM COPIAPO El Salvador
50 Km AT EAST OF CHAÑARAL

Chañaral
Diego de
Salado Almagro

Mina Mantoverde
Flamenco

Inca de Oro

Page 2
 SUMMARY REGIONAL GEOLOGY

TECTONIC

• The regional tectoninc frame is defined by the zone of Atacama fault (ZFA), which
extends over more than 1000 km in the north of Chile, and consists in three bent and
concave segments towards the west. These are interpreted as a strike-slip fault sinistral
system developed in the continental lithospere by the convergence of plates in a oblique
subduction.

• The Mantoverde district is in the segment “El Salado”, where the ZFA is represented
by four important NS oriented faults denominated from west to east as west fault,
central fault, Mantoverde Fault and east fault.

• The main structure related to the presence of copper deposits in the district is the
Mantoverde Fault. This structure Ridel type (r – 1) is located between the central fault
and the east fault, NNW orientation, 50° to 70° inclination to the east, and a length of
13 km.

Page 3
 SUMMARY REGIONAL GEOLOGY

LITHOLOGY

•The mining district Mantoverde is known since the beginning of last century, and its
main characteristic is to contain iron – copper – (gold) deposits of hydrothermal origin.

• These are fitted on andesitic volcanic rocks and intrusives of intermediate - acid
composition, being controlled structurally by the Zone of Atacama Fault (ZFA).

•In particular, the rocks that contains the mineralization in Mantoverde are constituted
by chloritizade andesitic rocks of Formación La Negra, middle – upper Jurasic aged.

•In the surroundings these volcanic rocks are penetrated by dioritic, monzodioritic and
granodioritic plutons of inferior cretacic age (120 to 135 Ma).

Page 4
 SUMMARY REGIONAL GEOLOGY

ORE BODIES (DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, ALTERATION).

• At the present time the geological resources of the Mantoverde Division are
distributed in 3 mineralized copper oxide bodies denominated (from north to south)
Manto Ruso, Mantoverde y Mantoverde Sur.

• Morphologically the mineralized sectors in operation appear as breaches pipes

(Mantoruso) , tectonic breach bodies , tabular breach and specularite stockwork
(Mantoverde), tectonic brech, irregual brech and magnetite stockwork (Mantoverde
Sur).

• The predominant rock alteration of these sector is represented by chloritization,

potassium alteration, silicification and seritization.

Page 5
 SUMMARY REGIONAL GEOLOGY

MINERALOGY.

• The mineralogical associations of ore in the district are characterized by the presence
of copper oxidized mineralization , which is represented by chrisocolla and brochantite,
also are malachite, atacamite and abundant copper limonites.

• On the other hand the primary mineralization consist in chalcopyrite, pyrite, and
pirrotine and bornite in a subordinated way. The chalcopyrite and pyrite happen
associate to specularite and magnetite, as well as to chlorite and potassium alteration.

• The main minerals of gangue are constituted by specularite, magnetite and calcite.

•The ages fo K – Ar alteration in sericite indicate 117 and 121 Ma for the main event
of mineralization in Mantoverde.

Page 6
 Regional Geology
Atacama Fault Zone

Page 7
Imagen satelital referenciada de Mantoverde
REGIONAL 3D GEOLOGY

Page 9
 Celso
Mantoruso Santa Clara
Andesita Kuroki

Mantoverde
Brecha Verde (Intrusivo)
Norte Especularita

Santa Clara
Altavita
Diorita
Magnetita
Brecha Tectonica

Mantoverde
Sur Zona Argílica

Zona Carbonatada

Brecha Verde

Granito
Franko

LOCAL GEOLOGY OF MANTOVERDE Page 10

Structural Model: Phases of deformation in Mantoverde district.

Page 11
 GENETIC MODEL OF MANTOVERDE MINE

Lithology - Mineralization – Alteration.

Page 12
Cuerpos minerales del Distrito
 MANTOVERDE NORTE TIPICAL CROSS SECTION
SECCION GEOLOGICA TIPICA DE MANTOVERDE ( 100350 N )
59900

59950

60000

60050

60100

60150

60200

60250

60300

60350

60400

60450

60500

60550
ANDESITA CLORITIZADA

1100 1100

ZONA DE TRANSICION

BRECHA HIDROTERMAL
1050 1050

FALLA MANTOVERDE

1000 1000

BRECHA TECTONICA
DIORITA

950 950

BRECHA VERDE

900 900

850 850

INTRUSIVO GRANITICO APLITICO

800
DIQUE ANDESITICO 800

750 750

CATACLASITA
700 700
59900

59950

60000

60050

60100

60150

60200

60250

60300

60350

60400

60450

60500

60550
LEYENDA
LITOLOGIA Andesita cloritizada: SIMBOLOGIA
Falla Mantoverde y milonita
Brecha Verde:
Falla
Brecha hidrotermal:
DD Sondaje Diamantina
Zona de Transición:
SR Sondaje Aire Reverso
Intrusivo granítico aplítico:
ET Estocada MINA MANTOVERDE
Brecha Tectónica: SECCION GEOLOGICA TIPICA
% Cobre Total FIG. 6
Dique Andesítico
Diorita:

Page 14
 MANTOVERDE NORTE ORE BODY 3D IMAGE

Sector Mantoverde

U. Zona de Transición

U. Manto Atacama
Falla Mantoverde

N U. Manto Verde

Page 15
 N
Mantoverde Norte

Mantoverde Sur Altavista

Montecristo

Franko
Distribution and spatial relation of
ore bodies with the Mantoverde fault

Page 16
 N
Mantoverde Norte

Mantoverde Sur Altavista

Montecristo

Franko
Distribution and spatial relation of
ore bodies with the Mantoverde fault

Page 17
 N
Mantoverde Norte

Mantoverde Sur Altavista

Montecristo

Franko
Distribution and spatial relation of
ore bodies with the Mantoverde fault

Page 18
 GEOLOGY MANTOVERDE SUR

M IN A M ANTO VERD E
LE Y E N DA

ALUVIO

GRAVAS AT ERRAZADAS

ANDESITAS CLORITIZADAS

BRECHA VERDE (Chl + Qz ± sericita)

BRECHA VERDE MINERALIZADA

(Alteraciòn de Chl + Fdk ± sericita - Qz ± Mgt)

BRECHA VERDE EN INTRUSIVO

(Alteraciòn de Chl + Qz - Fdk - sericita )

DIORITA CUARCIFERA
(Alteraciòn de Chl + sericita )

GRANITO (Cuerpos aplìticos )

DIQUE DIORITICO - ANDESITICO

BRECHA TECTONICA
ARGILIZACION

ANDESITAS CON STOCKWORK DE ESPECULARITA

( Z0NA DE TRANSICION )

BRECHA DE ESPECULARITA

BRECHA DE ESPECULARITA-FELDESPATO POTASICO

CUERPOS DE MAGNETITA

CUERPOS MASIVOS DE SILICE,HEMATITA Y TURMALINA

SIMBOLOGIA

ZONA DE FALLA MANTOVERDE

FALLA

FALLA ( INDICA MANTEO)

VETAS DE CALCITA

CAMINO

LIMITE PIT MINA MANTOVERDE

S E CTO R ALTAVISTA
Altavista

100 0 100 200 m

ESCALA GRAFICA

ANGLO AME RI CAN CH ILE

S ECTO R M O N TE CR ISTO D IVIS IO N MANTOVERDE
D E P ARTAM E N TO D E GE O LO GIA - EXPLORACIONES

Realizado por:
Geologia Exploraciones DMV
Dibujado por:
L.Guerrero S.
Fecha:
OCTUBRE 2001
Fig.

Page 19
MANTOVERDE SUR CROSS SECTION AND DRILLING CONFIGURATION

Page 20
 MANTOVERDE SUR ORE BODY 3D IMAGE

Sector Mantoverde Sur

U. Brecha Volcánica

U. Magnetita

U. Argílica

U. Brecha Tectónica
Falla mantoverde

Page 21
 MANTOVERDE SUR: FINAL PIT AND MANTOVERDE FAULT RELATIONSHIP

ALTAVISTA

MANTOVERDE SUR

MONTECRISTO

Page 22
 MANTO RUSO SURFACE GEOLOGY MAP
E 60450

E 60500

E 60600

E 60650

E 60700

E 60750

E 60800

E 60850

E 60900

E 61000

E 61050

E 61100

E 61150

E 61250

E 61300

E 61350

E 61400

E 61450

E 61500

E 61550
E60950
N 103400 N 103400

N 103350 N 103350

N 103300
910

N 103300

65

N 103250 N 103250
50

N 103200 N 103200

75

N 103150 910 N 103150

950 45

N 103100 890
900 65 N 103100
900

75
910

N 103050 50 N 103050

N103000 N103000

N102950 N102950
910

910

N102900 N102900
910

N102850 N102850
E 60450

E 60500

E 60550

E 60600

E 60650

E 60700

E 60750

E 60800

E 60850

E 60900

E 61000

E 61050

E 61100

E 61150

E 61200

E 61250

E 61300

E 61350

E 61400

E 61450

E 61500

E 61550
E60950

DESMONTES ZONA DE FALLA

Aluvio Andesitas pardas. Andesitas porfídicas y afaníticas pardas, con intercalaciones clásticas
Depósitos aluviales y coluviales aterrazados Brecha hidrotermal de especularita con mineralización de Cu. EMPRESA MINERA DE MANTOS BLANCOS S.A.
DIVISION MANTOVERDE
DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA - EXPLORACIONES
MANTOS BLANCOS

Diques andesítico-dioríticos. Intrusivo diorítico con desarrollo de stockwork de especularita con oxidados de Cu. MAPA GEOLOGICO
Diorita de grano fino. Intrusivo diorítico con fuerte a intensa alteración de sílice y clorita, aspecto brechoso. MANTORUSO
Andesitas cloritizadas: Cuerpos félsicos. ESCALA 1 : 2000 REALIZADO POR: GEOLOGIA EXPLORACIONES REVISADO POR: R. ZAMORA F. FECHA: MARZO 2000

Page 23
 MANTORUSO GEOLOGY
3D

Page 24
MANTO RUSO LITHOLOGY CROSS SECTION

Page 25
 MANTO RUSO ORE BODY 3D IMAGE

Sector Manto Ruso

Zona Oxidos Cu

Page 26
 MANTO RUSO MINE: FINAL PIT AND BLOCK MODEL

Page 27
 Antecedentes de Operación

Movimiento total de roca : 27.000.000 ton/año

Mineral tratado en heap leach : 9.000.000 ton/año

Mineral tratado en dump leach : 5.500.000 ton/año

Producción de cátodos : 62.000 ton/año

Page 28
• Parámetros de diseño:
- Angulos de talud
Mantoverde Norte: 53º global
Mantoverde Sur: 40 a 45º global
Manto Ruso: 60º global.
- Anchos mínimos de expansiones: 35 m.
- Ancho rampas: 30 m @ 10%

Page 29
•Capacidad máxima tratamiento
Heap Leach: 9.0 Mtpa
Dump Leach: 6.5 Mtpa
- Recuperación Promedio Heap: MVN = 79.9 % CuT
MVS = 88.6 %
CuS
MR = 82.3 % CuS
- Recuperación Promedio Dump: MVN = 43.6 % CuS
MVS = 41.7 % CuS

Page 30
DIGITAL MAPPING
MANTOVERDE MINE.

Page 31
OLD METHOD LINEAL MAPPING OF
BENCHES AND GEOMECHANICAL
CELLS

Page 32
NEW METHOD TABLET PC LINEAL MAPPING
OF BENCHES AND GEOMECHANICAL CELLS

Page 33
Mantoverde Mine
Mantoverde Sur Mine
Mantoruso Mine
DETAILS FROM DAILY DIGITAL MAPPING

Page 37
ANALYSIS OF PREFERENTIAL DIRECTION
OF STRUCTURES FOR BLASTING

Page 38
DIGITAL MAPPING IN DRILLHOLES EXPLORATION
MANTOVERDE MINE.

Page 39
MAPPING DIGITAL DRILLHOLES
EXPLORATION

Page 40
 FINAL RESULT WITH SOFTWARE
“DOWNHOLE
EXPLORER” USING DIGITAL MAPPING

Section 102425 N showing drilling RCH05KU08, RCH05KU17, RCH05KU09 and RCH05KU28.

Blocks indicating soluble copper grade.

Page 41
 The End

This is a “Peinecillo” it was utilized in the old Mantoverde´s underground mining