GENETIC CODE VARIATION

The genetic code is degenerate, meaning that most amino acids are encoded by
multiple codons.

AUG serves as the start codon in most organisms, initiating protein synthesis.

While UAA, UAG, and UGA are the standard stop codons, some mitochondria
and certain microorganisms may have variations, using different codons for
termination

R. SHIVANI KRISHNAN
223010842
Importance of DNA repair:
•DNA repair is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability and the
prevention of mutations that can lead to various diseases, including cancer.
DNA damage can be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to UV
radiation, chemicals, and toxins.
•If DNA damage is not repaired, it can lead to mutations in the DNA sequence
that can disrupt normal cellular processes and cause genetic diseases or cancer.

FARHEEN TAJ S.I

2253010843
DNA MISMATCH PAIR:
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a cellular process that corrects errors that occur
during DNA replication. It is a crucial mechanism for maintaining the integrity of the
genome and preventing mutations that can lead to cancer and other genetic
diseases.

1. Recognition of the mismatch: Mismatch repair proteins recognize the distortions

in the DNA helix caused by mismatches or small insertions or deletions.
2. Strand discrimination: The newly synthesized (daughter) strand is distinguished
from the parental (template) strand, allowing the correct strand to be targeted
for repair.

YAASHWAR SINGARAVELU
2253010841
NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR:

•Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is unique in its ability to identify and

remove vastly different lesions from DNA.
• Initial damage recognition achieved through transcription coupled repair
(TC-NER) or global genome repair (GG-NER) has been addressed by
complexes of RNA Pol II with different TC-NER factors and
XPC/RAD23B/Centrin-2 with TFIIH, respectively.
• Moreover, transcription factor IIH (TFIIH), one of the core repair factors
and a central NER hub was resolved in different states.

SHIVAANI TAMILARASAN
2253010819