1

LASER
BEAM
MACHININ
G
SAHIL DEV
(10406EN016) MECH
IDD PART V
Contents 2

 Laser Beam Machining

 Laser
 Type of Laser
 Laser Application
 Parameters Affecting LBM
 Advantage
 Disadvantage
 References
What is Laser 3

 LASER is the acronym for Light Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation

 Laser is a device which generates or amplifies light
 Stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation
 Coherent, monochromatic, directional and high power laser beam is used
Elements of Laser 4

 Lasing Medium (Gas, liquid, solid)

 Pumping process
 Optical feedback element
Laser Beam Machining 5

 Used light energy from a laser to remove

material by vaporization and ablation
 Energy is concentrated optically
 Laser emits either continuous or pulsed
light beam

Source: Google Images

Effect of Laser Beam on Material 6

Source: Internet
 7

Gas Laser

Types
of Laser
Excimer Solid State
Laser Laser
Gas Laser 8

 Electric current is discharged through a gas to produce a coherent light

 Operate on the principle of converting electric energy into laser light
output
 Gas acts as pumping medium to attain the necessary population inversion
 Common gas laser are CO2 Gas Laser, He-Ne Gas Laser
He-Ne Gas Laser 9

Source: Google Images

Solid State Laser 10

 Constructed by doping a rare earth element into a variety of host materials

 Pumped optically by arc lamps or flash lamps
 Respond well to Q-switching
 Ruby or Nd:YAG is the most common host material
Ruby Laser 11

Source: HowStuffWorks
Excimer Laser 12

 Uses a combination of an inert gas and reactive

gas
 Excimer is form of Ultraviolet Chemical Laser
 Excimer is short for ‘excited dimer’

Source: Google Images

Dye & Semiconductor Laser 13

 Dye Laser
 use complex organic dyes, such as rhodamine 6G

 Semiconductor Laser
 sometimes called diode lasers
 very small and use low power.
Operation: Laser Cutting 14

 Cutting starts by drilling a hole by moving beam

 Cutting speed depends on material and thickness
 Both pulsed and continuous laser is used
 Thickness ranges from 0.5-1 inch
 Used for cutting complex geometry and for clean
cutting operation

Source: sciencedirect.com
Laser Welding 15

 For welding ceramics and dissimilar materials like steel and aluminum
 Produces maximum penetration and minimum distortion in materials
 Beam can be easily shaped, focused and directed
 Application
 Razor Blade
 Electronic Circuit
Laser Cladding 16

 Used to improve surface quality by applying a

corrosion resistant layer on product
 Laser Beam is used to create a shallow melt pool
 Metal powder is supply using an inert gas flow
 Application
 Chemical industry
 Mining and marine application

Source: Wikipedia
Laser Application 17

Heavy Light
Electronics Medical
Manufacturing Manufacturing

Seam & spot Skiving of Cosmetic

Engraving
welding circuits Surgery

Cladding &
Drilling Wire stripping Hair removal
drilling
Parameter Affecting LBM • Working Material 18

• Assist Gases

Laser Beam
• Focusing Lenses
Machining

• Laser Beam
Advantages 19

 Non Contact
 No solvent chemical
 Selective material removal
 Flexibility
 Fully automated
Disadvantages 20

 Requires specially trained operators

 Not for mass metal removal processes
 Requires greater control of joint tolerances
 Expensive equipment
 Consumes much energy
References 21

 http://www.google.com
 http://www.sciencedirect.com
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/laser_cutting
 http://www.gobookee.org/powerpoint-of-laser-beam-machining/
 Laser beam machining (LBM), state of the art and new opportunities/Johan
Meijer
 http://science.howstuffworks.com/laser.htm
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