CLIMATE

WEATHER
 It is the state of the air
atmosphere at a particular time
and place.
 It refers to the temperature

and other outside conditions

(such as rain, cloudiness, etc.)
at a particular time and place.
CLIMATE
 It is the average course or
condition of the weather at a
place usually over a period of
years as exhibited by
temperature, wind velocity
and precipitation.
 FACTORS
AFFECTING
CLIMATE
LATITUDE
 It is the distance in degrees
(north and south) from the
equator.
 The higher the latitude, the

lower the temperature, the

cooler the climate.
ALTITUDE
 It is the height above sea
level.
 The higher the altitude, the

lower the temperature, the

cooler the climate.
TOPOGRAPHY
 is the study of the shape and
features of the surface of the
Earth and other observable
astronomical objects including
planets, moons, and asteroids
 Mountain is one of the topographic features
of an area.
 Mountainous areas greatly affect the
amount of precipitation in a certain region.
TWO SIDES OF A MOUNTAIN
1. Windward – the area in which the wind
blows.
 Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain,
forcing it to move upward.
 As it moves up, the water vapor condenses
and forms clouds.
 This will result in precipitation.
2. Leeward – the region where air
moves down.
 The cold air mass starts to absorb heat
and becomes warm and dry.
 As a result, the area near this side
becomes dry and has less precipitation.
 The dry region on the leeward side is
called rain shadow.
 Vegetation in this region includes
desert plants and grassland.
PREVAILING WINDS
 are winds that blow
predominantly from a single
general direction over a
particular point on the
Earth's surface.
DISTANCE FROM LARGE
BODIES OF WATER
 Soil absorbs heat faster than
water and releases heat faster
too.
 These slow absorption and

release of heat by the body of

water greatly affect the climate.
 Because soil heats up faster than
water, air temperature above the
sea is lower than above ground
during daytime.
 Warm air thus moves out from

land to sea, slowing down the rise

of air temperature above land.
 Thus, places without a body of

water nearby tend to have higher

air temperature during day time.
 At night, soil cools down faster than
water, so the air temperature above
ground is lower than that above the sea.
 Warm air then flows from sea to land,

so the drop in air temperature above

ground is moderated.
 Places that are far from the bodies of

water have extreme climates, as there

are no immediate bodies of water that
will circulate the movement of cold and
warm air.
 OCEAN CURRENTS
 In the northern hemisphere, the
current flows in a clockwise direction
while counter clockwise in the
southern hemisphere. This is caused
by the Coriolis Effect.
 Ocean currents that flow away from

the equator carry warm water.

 The air above the warm water has

higher temperature.
 When ocean currents that bring cold
water move towards a coastal region,
the temperature of that area
decreases as warmer air from the land
flows to the sea resulting in a cold
climate.
 When warm ocean currents that take

along warm water go to a land mass, the

temperature of that place increases as
warmer air above the water flows
inland, resulting in a warm climate
 When ocean current carries cold
water, the air above it becomes
colder. When this ocean current
moves toward the coastal region, the
temperature of that area becomes
lower.
 The ocean current that carries warm

water makes the air warmer.

 When this current goes toward a

landmass, the temperature of that

place becomes higher
 Therefore, ocean currents that
bring along cold water inland
make the climate cold; ocean
currents that take along warm
water to coastal areas make the
climate warm.
 Temperature decreases with
increasing latitude and toward the
interior of continental landmasses,
resulting in intensely cold winters.
 Microthermal climates are

experienced only in the highlands of

the Southern Hemisphere.
 This is explained by the fact that

the S. Hemisphere does not have

landmasses that are as expansive as
those in the N. Hemisphere
CLIMATE TYPES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 First Type – has pronounced wet and dry
seasons. Dry from November to April, wet
during the rest of the year.
 Second Type – no dry season; heavy rainfall
from November to April.
 Third Type – wet and dry seasons are not
very pronounced: relatively dry from
November to April, wet during the rest of
the year.
 Fourth Type – rainfall is more or less evenly
distributed throughout the year.
ELATICM
ACNEHG CLIMATE
OLGLBA CHANGE
GWRMNIA GLOBAL
WARMING
UGEREHEOSN
FEFETC
GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
Is Climate Change real?
Is Climate Change man-

made or natural?
What is the effect of

Climate Change?
CLIMATE CHANGE
 It is one of the most current
worldwide issues.
 Whether the cause is man-made or

not, climate change is a change in the

environment.
CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

 Climate Change is caused by

GLOBAL WARMING that is
caused by GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
 Burning of fossil fuels is one of the
main sources of carbon dioxide
emission.
 Greenhouse gases such as carbon

dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons

(CFC’s) and nitrous oxide trap heat
preventing it from escaping the Earth.
 All gases absorb heat, although some

just absorb more than others.

 Assuming solar radiation is constant,
the average atmospheric temperature
depends on the mix of gases. More
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
means that the equilibrium
temperature will be higher as these
gases absorb more heat.
 This will result in the increase of

global temperature. Less greenhouse

gases will mean lower temperature.
 Global Warming is the gradual increase
in the temperature of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
 Greenhouse Effect occurs when part of

sunlight that hits the Earth is

transformed into heat, instead of being
reflected. The heat is then trapped by
the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, keeping the Earth warm.
SOME EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

 Some species of birds lay eggs

earlier
 Some species of plants bloom

earlier
 Some animals supposedly should

still be hibernating but were

already awake
SOME EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

 Earlier migration of birds

 Sometimes, some animals and

birds tended to stay in their local

territory because the climate is
already suitable for them
 Melting of glaciers that cover the
land
 Rising of the sea level

 If sea level increased by 50 cm,

sea turtles may lose their nesting

areas
 People and animals that live near
shorelines may be forced to move
out
 Extinction of species
In the Philippines
 Heavy rainfalls were brought

about by typhoon Ondoy and

Hanging Habagat
 Submerging most parts of Metro

Manila and some provinces

 Typhoon Yolanda brought the
strongest winds ever encountered
by people in Visayas, leaving great
destruction and much loss of lives
 Hanging Amihan brought very cold

wind affecting the climate of the

country and destroying some crops
of farmers in the Northern Luzon
 El Niño (Little Boy)
 It is an abnormal and lengthy warming
in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean
 It occurs at irregular intervals of 2 – 7

years and lasts for 9 mos.

 Some areas in the Phil. will experience

near to above average rainfall and some

areas may experience drier than normal
rainfall.
 El Niño (Little Boy)
 It brings severe drought
 It is believed that it causes stronger

thunderstorm disturbance and

massive storms
 It causes decrease in the population

of some species.
 La Niña (Little Girl)
 It is the opposite climatic disturbance
to El Niño.
 It, but does not always, follow El Niño

events.
 It may last for 9-12 mos. or 2 years

 This event is triggered by the cooling

of the eastern part of the Pacific

Ocean
 La Niña (Little Girl)
 Because of this, there would be an
increase of rainfall in the Phil.
 For instance, areas that

experienced severe drought by El

Niño may encounter above normal
rainfall but in some cases, they
experience drier than normal