Prayer

Heavenly father, grant me each day the desire to do my

best, to grow mentally and morally as well as physically.
To be kind and helpful to my classmates and teachers, to
be honest with myself as well as with others. Help me to
be a good sport and smile when I lose as well as when I
win. Teach me the value of true friendship. Help me to
always conduct myself so as to bring credit to my school.
Amen.
 FACTORS
AFFECTING
CLIMATE
Quarter 3, Week 5
Factors Affecting the Weather
•Temperature
•Wind
•Air Pressure
•Humidity
•Precipitation
Climate
It is the general pattern of weather in a certain area over a long period of time.

2 Major season

Wet

Dry
Factors Affecting the Climate
Latitude or the Distance from the
equator
⮚It is the distance (in degrees) to the
NORTH and SOUTH from the
EQUATOR.
⮚EQUATOR is an imaginary line that is
parallel to the equator.
⮚As the latitude increases, the
temperature decreases.
Factors Affecting the Climate
The three climatic zones on Earth
1. Tropical Zone – the low latitude located near the equator.
2. Temperate Zone – Middle latitude
3. Polar Zone – high latitude
Factors Affecting the Climate
Altitude
⮚It is the height above sea level
⮚For every 1000 m, there is a drop of
6.5°C
⮚ the decrease in air temperature is due
to the decrease in air pressure
⮚The temperature decreases as the
altitude increases
Factors Affecting the Climate

Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa

5,895 meters above sea level
Factors Affecting the Climate
⮚Land heats and cools faster than the
sea.
⮚Coastal areas have lower
temperatures than in inland areas.
⮚Places that are far from the bodies
of water have extreme climates.
Factors Affecting the Climate
Topography
It is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.
One of topographic features of an area is mountain.
Factors Affecting the Climate
The Windward Side
⮚ This
is the colder, wetter side of an island.
⮚ It is subject to consistent winds that blow
cool, moist air upward.
⮚ As this air is lifted, due to a decrease in
atmospheric pressure, it begins to cool
(scientifically called adiabatic cooling).
⮚ Cooler
air is not able to hold as much
water vapor as warm air, so at some point
the moisture in the air begins to condense
and clouds form rain.
The Leeward Side
⮚ As condensation occurs, it releases heat into the
surrounding air.
⮚ This effect is called latent heat of condensation.
⮚ By the time the air descends down the other side
of an island (or mountain), most of its moisture
has been condensed out.
⮚ As the air continues to descend towards sea
level, atmospheric pressure increases which
causes a temperature increase.
⮚ Because of all of this (scientifically called
adiabatic warming), the leeward side is generally
warmer and drier. (Peterson, 2020)
Factors Affecting the Climate
Distance from the sea
⮚This factor shows how ocean heats up
and cools down slowly than land.
⮚Thus, coastal areas tend to be cooler in
summer days and warmer during winter
days which have the same latitude as
well as altitude.
Factors Affecting the Climate
Ocean Currents
⮚are movements of ocean water in a continuous flow, created largely by surface winds but
also partly by temperature and salinity gradients, Earth’s rotation, and tides.
⮚Ocean currents that bring along cold water to inland make the climate cold. On the other
hand, ocean currents that take along warm water to coastal areas make the climate warm.
Factors Affecting the Climate
Prevailing Wind
⮚The prevailing wind is the most frequent wind direction experience in a
location.
⮚In the Philippines, which is located in the tropics, prevailing wind in any
particular place in the country is due to its geographical location and the
different wind systems.
⮚In meteorology, the study of earth’s atmosphere, there are two sides to
any island—the windward side and the leeward side.
Factors Affecting the Climate
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Distance from the sea
4. Topography
5. Ocean Currents
6. Prevailing Winds