• There may be as many heaters as no.

of stages
in the turbine.
• Size & complexity increased
• Economically not viable
• Gain in efficiency will less than work output.
Open Feedwater Heaters :-
direct-contact heat exchanger in which extracted
steam is allowed to mix with the feedwater. This
kind of heater will normally require a feed pump at
both the feed inlet and outlet.

Closed Feedwater Heaters :-

typically shell and tube heat exchangers where the
feedwater passes throughout the tubes and is A deaerator is a special case
heated by turbine extraction steam. These do not of the open feedwater
require separate pumps before and after the heater heater which is specifically
to boost the feedwater to the pressure of the designed to remove non-
extracted steam as with an open heater. condensable gases from the
feedwater.
Zones are separate areas within the shell in a feedwater heater.

Desuperheating Zone: The incoming steam enters this zone, giving up

most of its superheat to the feedwater exiting in the heater.

Condensing Zone: All feedwaters have this zone. All of the steam is
condensed in this area, and any remaining non condensable gases must be
removed. A large percentage of the energy added by the heater occurs here.

Subcooling Zone: (Optional) The condensed steam enters this zone at the
saturation temperature and is cooled by convective heat transfer from the
incoming feedwater.
Feedwater heater
Low Pressure Feedwater Heaters
placed between the main condensate pumps
and the boiler feedwater pumps They are U-
Tube bundle heat exchangers, which are
mounted in a tube sheet and surrounded by a
steam shell.

High Pressure Feedwater Heaters

The feedwater heaters placed between boiler
feedwater pump and boiler are named high
pressure (HP) feedwater heaters.
 Feed water line
164ksc/340 D Boiler
condensate

FRS
118.9D 147ksc/540D
547t/hr 6.5ksc 241.2D
D/A
HPH6
FST LPT
199.9D
167 D HPT IPT -0.9Ksc
BFP HPH5
-0.5ksc/51Deg

CEP
LPH3 180ksc/168.4D
20ksc
86.3
Drain
LPH-2 LP heater1 GSC Main ejector
cooler
57.3 Deg
 Bypass v/v(bypasses LPH1& DC)

Condensate O/L
Extraction Condensate I/L
Steam from
LPT seventh
Stage(0.216 ksc
62 degree)

Normal drip
(open)
When LPH level become High-High
Or turbine trips DC
1)Extraction v/v closed
2)alternate CV opens
3)Normal CV closes
Alternate
Drip to
condenser FT condenser

Normally closed
Open when Lvl Hi-Hi
 LP Heater 2(vertical ,U tube)

Bypass v/v(bypasses LPH2)

Condensate O/L
Extraction Condensate I/L
Steam from
LPT 5th
Stage(0.858 ksc
107 degree)

Normal drip
(open)
When LPH level become High-High
Or turbine trips LPH1
1)Extraction v/v closed
2)alternate CV opens
3)Normal CV closes
Alternate
Drip to
condenser FT condenser

Normally closed
Open when Lvl Hi-Hi
 LP Heater 3(vertical ,U tube)

Bypass v/v(bypasses LPH3)

Condensate O/L
Extraction Condensate I/L
Steam from
LPT 3rd
Stage(2.37 ksc
200 degree)

Normal drip
(open)
When LPH level become High-High
Or turbine trips LPH2
1)Extraction v/v closed
2)alternate CV opens
3)Normal CV closes
Alternate
Drip to
condenser FT condenser

Normally closed
Open when Lvl Hi-Hi
 (All drip CV are pneumatic, FW I/L ,O/L & bypass v/v are motorized)
Extraction
IPT 11th
stage(16.7
Alternate drip Ksc/433 D)
Extraction
CRH(39.23 To condenser
Ksc/343 D) H H
Alternate Alternate drip
Closes when P P
drip To condenser
Any HPH level H To D/A H
Hi-Hi
6 5

HPH6Normal drip Normal drip

To HPH5 To D/A

Group bypass
 HP Heater Group Bypass v/v

Extraction5

Extraction6 Alt drip

To condenser Alt drip
H H To condenser
When any HP heater lvl Hi-Hi P P
Or turbine trips
1)Both extraction closes H H
2)Both heaters Alt drips open 6 5
3)Both heaters Normal drip closes
4)That heater bypass v/v open Normal drip Normal drip
5)That heater individually bypasses To D/A
6)Both heater group bypasses

Group bypass
 HP Heater Group Bypass v/v

Extraction5

Extraction6 Alt drip

To condenser Alt drip
H H To condenser
When any HP heater lvl Hi-Hi P P
Or turbine trips
1)Both extraction closes H H
2)Both heaters Alt drips open 6 5
3)Both heaters Normal drip closes
4)That heater bypass v/v open Normal drip Normal drip
5)That heater individually bypasses To D/A
6)Both heater group bypasses

vent
To Boiler From BFP
Checking of following figures with design

Bleed steam inlet pressure & temperature

Drain water outlet temperature
Feed water inlet temperature
Feed water outlet temperature
FW temp. at Eco. inlet or FRS
Terminal Temperature Difference
TTD = TSat-TFW (Out)

Drain cooler Approach

DCA = TDrip-T FW(Inlet)

Temperature rise
TR = TFW(Out) – TFW(Inlet)
Low feedwater temp.
Excessive make up
Poor FW heater performance
High TTD
Excessive venting
High water level
Header partition leaks
Non-condesible gases
Excessive tube bundle pressure drop
Low feedwater temp.
Excessive make up
Poor FW heater performance
High DCA Temp
Drain cooler inlet not submerged
Low water level
Excessive tube bundle pressure drop
 Feed water heater bypassed
 FW bypass v/v leaks