1.- A floating zone is passed un the length of an aluminium single crystal with 0.

3 cm
radius. Thermal conductivity of molten aluminium is aproximately 0.2 cal/cm-°C-seg.
Coefficient of heat transfer between aluminium and the furnace atmosphere h is 1.2x10-
3 cal/cm2-°C-seg.Other date are given in Appendix B.
a) What is the maximum temperature gradient achievable at the liquid-solid
interface in the solid? In the liquid?
b) Would these temperature gradients be significantly different at the typical
crystal-growing velocity of 5x10-3 cm/seg?
c) How might you alter the crystal or crystal-growing apparatus to increase these
gradients?

2.- Plot the longitudinal temperatura profile during solidification of the single crystal of
Example 1(b).

3.- A large slab of aluminium, 25 cm thick, is poured in a sand mold with no superheat.
a) How long will it take for the slab to solidify? (Assume negligibli resistance to
heat flow at the mold-metal interface and within the solidified metal.)
b) Show schematically cooling curves for a thermocouple 6.25 cm from the surface
and one at the center of the casting. (Remember, the solidified portion of the
casting ramains very close to TM until the casting is completely solid.)

4.- An aproximate method of calculation of solidification time of a sand casting poured

with superheat is to add the heat content associated with the superheat to the heat of
fusion. How long would it take the slab casting of prob 3 to solidify if it were poured
with 100°C superheat?

5.- Experimentally, it is found that when a casting such as that of prob 4 is cast, no
singnificant solidification takes place until the superheat is completley dissipated.
Explain.

6.- A long cilinder of aluminium, 25 cm diameter, is poured wiht no superheat in a sand

mold.
a) Calculate solidification time neglecting divergency of heat flow.
b) Calculate solidification time taking account divergency of heat flow.
c) Derive an aquation describing thickness of solid as a function of time during
solidification of this cilinder. Neglect divergenci of heat flow. Plot the result
schematically.
d) You should find from (c) avove that solidification rate is infinit at the beginning
and end of solidification. Explain the physical reason for this.