C e n t u r y

2 1 s t h e
f r o m t
r a t u r e
Lite s a n d t h e
il ip p i n e
Ph rl d
W o
JAYSON I. MENDOZA, LPT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

Course Description: Study and

appreciation of literature of the
world originally written in the
21st century.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

CONTENT:
1. Various dimensions of Philippine
literary history from precolonial to
contemporary;
2. Canonical authors and works of
Philippine National Artists in
Literature;

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

CONTENT:
Study and appreciation of literary
texts from the different regions
written in different genres covering:
1. Regions in Luzon, Visayas,
Mindanao
2.Major genres
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

CONTENT:
3. Literary genres, traditions and
forms from different national
literature and cultures, namely,
Asian, Anglo-American, European,
Latin American, and African
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

Semester: 2nd
Quarter 3 and 4– 21st Century
Literature from the World
No. of Hours: 40 hours

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World
GRADING SYSTEM:
• WRITTEN WORKS (25%)
• PERFORMANCE TASKS (50%)
• QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT(25%

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

FORM- talks about general structure of
the literary piece. It is the first aspect
of the literature that attempts to
connect with the reader. From the title
of the literary work, to the way the
words or sentences creates a visual
impact, every part of its literature.
Therefore it is through form that
literature first communicates its
message.
TYPES OF LITERATURE
COMMON FORM OF LITERATURE
 Let’s sum it up.
Define Literature
Elements, Types and Form
Remember…

22
 Activity 1
1.) Explain in three (3) sentences why literature
is considered as the story of a man?

2.) How did Philippine Literatures develop from

ancient time to present
A. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN VARIOUS
REGIONS
1. VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE

l o n i a l
P r e - C o
A. p i n e
Ph i l i p
r a t u r e
L i te
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

• Ancient literatures were written on the

perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo
cylinder, and bark of the trees.
• The verses were addressed to the ears rather
than the eyes

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 There were two literary forms during the
pre-colonial period
A. Written literatures
1. Riddles or bugtong
2. Epigrams or salawikain
3. Poems or tanaga
B. Oral literatures
1. Chant
2. Balagtasan
 Riddle (bugtong)
• Made up of one or more measured lines with
rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 words.
• Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and
keen observation of the surroundings
• Involves reference to one or two images that
symbolize the characteristics of an unknown
object that is to be guessed

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Purpose of Bugtong
• To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent of
electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders
would quiz the younger generation with riddles.
• To educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down
knowledge from one generation to the next. They require
thinking in order to solve them.
• To titillate. Many old Filipino riddles contain double entendres
that were intended to amuse the men and shock the women.
• To curse, without expressly cursing. A riddle could be made up
against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
• To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old ways from
one generation to the next.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Example
• Ate mo, ate ko, Ate ng lahat ng tao.(My sister,
your sister, everyone's sister)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Salawikain & Sawikain
• Epigrams/maxims/proverbs
• Short poems that have been customarily been
used and served as laws or rules on good
behavior by our ancestors
• Allegories or parables that impart lessons for
the young
• Often expressing a single idea, that is usually
satirical and had a witty ending

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• ExAMPLE of salawikain
– Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan. - -
-You will know a true friend in time of need.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• Ex of Sawikain
– kumukulo ang dugo
"blood is boiling" = is very angry
– isulat sa tubig
"write on water" = forget about it

Ex of Maxims
– Pag hindi ukol,
Hindi bubukol.
-means
What is not intended for one will not bear fruit.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

B. Oral literatures
1. Chant
2. Balagtasan
 BULONG (chants)
• Used in witchcraft or enchantments

• Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon
Sa simbahan din pala ang tuloy

Hele hele
Bago kyeme

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• Halimbawa (for example):

Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong

Makikiraan po lamang.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Folk Songs
• a form of folk lyric which expresses the
people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles
• repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive
• traditional songs and melodies
• inspired by the reaction of the people to their
environment

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Example:
• Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
• Pamulinawen (Iloko)
• Dandansoy (Bisaya)
• Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
• Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

CONTEMPORAY FORM OF
LITERATURE
Major Literary Genres in the 21st
Century

A. BLOG
a web log; a website containing short articles
called posts that are changed regularly.
Some blogs are written by one person
containing their own opinions, interests and
experiences, while others are written by
many different people.

43
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 :
Sample of a Blog Entry

Retrieved from: http://blog.nuffnang.com.ph/2009/09/17/discoviries-contest-from-ovi-by-

nokia/
44
B. CHICK LIT

- genre fiction which addresses issues of

modern womanhood
- often humorous and light-hearted
- became popular in the late 1990s
- sometimes includes romantic elements

45
Samples of Chick lit in the
Philippines

46
C. CREATIVE NONFICTION
- also known as literary nonfiction or narrative
nonfiction
-a genre of writing that uses literary styles
and techniques to create factually accurate
narratives

47
c

48
 D. FLASH
-FICTION
a style of fictional literature or fiction
of extreme brevity
-some self-described markets for flash
fiction impose caps as low as three hundred
words, while others consider stories as long
as a thousand words to be flash fiction

49
 Graphic
• a book madeNovels
up of comics content;
Although the word "novel" normally refers
to long fictional works, the term "graphic
novel" is applied broadly and includes
fiction, non- fiction, and anthologized work.

50
 c

Samples of Graphic
Novels

51
 c

E.
HYPERPOETRY
- a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext
mark- up.

52
F. MOBILE PHONE TEXT TULA
- a particular example of this poem is a tanaga , a type
of Filipino poem, consisting of four lines with seven
syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each
line
-has a 7-7-7-7 syllabic verse, with an AABB rhyme scheme.
-the modern tanaga still uses the 7777 syllable count, but
rhymes range from dual rhyme forms: AABB, ABAB, ABBA;
to freestyle forms such as AAAB, BAAA, or ABCD.

53
Sample of Texttula

54
55
“Show me
What You’ve
Got”
 Genre are
Tissues fiction which
groups addresses
of similar issues of
cells working
together
modernto...womanhood

CHICKLIT
 A particular
Tissues example
are groups of this
of similar poem
cells is a
working
together
tanaga to...
, a type of Filipino poem,
consisting of four lines with seven
syllables each with the same rhyme at
the end of each line

MOBILE PHONE TEXTULA

 A formareofgroups
Tissues digitalofpoetry
similarthat
cellsuses links
working
together to...
using hypertext mark- up

HYPERPOETRY
 A website
Tissues containing
are groups short
of similar articles
cells working
together to... that are changed regularly.
called posts

BLOG