UNIT III

LESSON 04 (Lesson 14)

HEARD:
AUDIO INFORMATION
AND MEDIA
 HOW IS AUDIO
1 INFORMATION
PRODUCED?
 WHAT ARE THE
ADVANTAGES AND
2 LIMITATION OF AUDIO
INFORMATION?
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT
DIMENSIONS OF AUDIO
3 INFORMATION AND
MEDIA?
 WHAT CRITERIA CAN BE
USED TO ASSESS THE
4 EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIO
INFORMATION?
TYPES OF AUDIO
INFORMATION AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF AUDIO
INFORMATION AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
Audio Information pertains to any sound or auditory
impression perceived by the ears and processed by the
brain.
Dialog or Conversation

Through a dialog or conversation, an exchange of ideas

takes place between the people who are talking. Dialog
and conversation is similar in the sense that there is a
particular topic being discussed. However, a dialog is
more formal in nature.
Lecture or Talk

• Through a lecture or talk, the

participants are able to acquire
information from the speaker.
The speakers can either be a
teacher or an expert in the field
of the subject. A lecture or talk is
usually held at a university,
where the lecture is given to
convey critical information or
new ideas or theories, or results
of research or studies.
News

• Through the news, the public

learns information about current
events that happen locally or
internationally.
Podcast

• A podcast refers to a digital

audio file, which can be
downloaded on the computer
with Internet access. The audio
file is usually available as a
series and subscribes are allowed
to receive the new installment
automatically on their device
once it has been uploaded.
Audio Book

• Literally, an audio book is

talking book, as there is a
complete recording of the entire
text, which is read. If the text is
only read in portions, it is
labeled as a reduced or abridged
version.
Music

• It refers to vocal or instrumental sounds

(or both) which express the melody,
harmony, and rhythm of a specific tune.
• Melody refers to the tune of notes in a
musical composition.
• Harmony refers to the proper
combination of tunes or chords to
produce pleasing music.
• Rhythm refers to the systematic
arrangement of sounds based on
duration or stress.
Kinds of Music
There are many kinds of music. Each kind
conveys a mood appropriate for a specific
theme, which can affect or influence a
person’s interpretation of the message.
Classical
• This refers to the kind of music associated with the luminary
composers and musicians like Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, and
Schubert. Liturgical (religious) and secular music falls under classical
music too.
Opera
• This kind of music are performed by singers and musicians through a
dramatic work, combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in
a theatrical setting.
Broadway
• This music is similar to the opera. It is based on a play and presented
as a theatrical performance where the performers sing the lyrics.
Folk or Traditional
• A kind of music showing the tradition and culture of one’s ancestors.
Folk music also shows the music of indigenous or ethnic tribes. The
elders of the tribe teach the younger generation about their history,
tradition, and culture through music.
Inspirational, Gospel, or Religious
• This is the type of music that is religious and sacred in nature. It is
sung in church as a worship song.
Ballad
• It has a light, sentimental, or romantic mood with slow melody.
Soul
• The music became popular in the United States in the late 1950s and
early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American Gospel music,
rhythm and blues, and jazz.
Reggae
• It originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. It has a fast melody, and
incorporates jazz and rhythm, and blues.
Hip Hop or Rap
• A type of music popular to the younger generation. This kind of music
started as a subcultural movement of African-American youths living
in the South Bronx in New York City in the early 1970s. Apart from its
funky music, poetry is spoken through rap style, where the rapper
speaks the lyrics following a certain beat.
Rock or Punk
• A music that originated in the late 1960s and 1970s among American,
English, and Australian teens. It is characterized by loud and heavy
metal music produced by electric guitars and drums.
Asian Pop
• A popular upbeat music making waves in Asia like in Japan (JPOP) and
Korean (KPOP). Apart from its hip's music, which appeals to the
younger generation. JPOP and KPOP also influence their audience
with their fashion statements and dance styles.
Original Pilipino Music
• It is comprised of Filipino music from various genres including retro
music (which became famous in the 1960s and 1970s, pop music, and
even kundiman (classical music).
PEOPLE WHO MAKE
AUDIO INFORMATION
Commentator
• This refers to a person who discusses the news, sports events, the
weather, and other related topics on television or over the radio. A
commentator gives his comment or opinion on a subject or about a
text through live commentary.
Emcee
• The emcee master of ceremonies in a public event, program, or a
large social occasion. He serves as the official host of a staged event
or performance, giving the performers instructions on the sequence
of events in a program or event. The emcee also introduces the
performers to the audience.
Disk Jockey (DJ) or Radio Announcer
• A radio DJ plays music on air. He also talks about music, the news, or
other subjects during breaks between songs. A DJ can use
computerized sound equipment to broadcast different types of music
in the radio station. Radio DJs can interact with their audience during
live broadcasts and featured promotional events.
Narrator
• A person who is responsible for narrating a story. He recounts the
events in a novel or narrative poem. He can also deliver a
commentary accompanying a movie, broadcast, or piece or music,
among others. A narrator may or may not appear on stage during a
theatrical performance.
Voice-over
• It has a similar role with the narrator. He provides the voice in a
motion picture or television commercial. Through a voice-over, the
actor’s lines are heard over the visuals in a movie or commercial.
Music artist
• A music artist commonly referred to as recording artist is a musician
who records and releases music, often professionally, through a
record or an independent label.
Musician
• A person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. A
musician can also be a composer and a conductor at the same time,
apart from performing music. A musician can specialize in any musical
style.
DELIVERING AUDIO
INFORMATION
Radio
• It refers to an electronic device that produces sound. The FM stations
of the radio usually broadcast music, while the AM stations usually
broadcast news. Both the FM and AM stations allow airwave
commercials. The radio has built-in speaker but there is also a jack for
the headset.
Walkman
• A portable version of the audio cassette player in the Walkman, which
also has radio features. Walkman is Sony’s brand name, which
become a household name in the late 1970s.
Discman
• A more modern version of the Walkman is the Discman also from
Sony. This Discman is the first portable CD player.
MP3 Player
• An electronic device that can play digital audio files. It is an older
version of an iPod but an improved version of a Discman.
iPod
• A portable media player from Apple, Inc., the iPod released in 2001. It
is the improved version of the MP3 player and it can carry more
music.
iTunes
• It is a mobile device management application that Apple, Inc.,
developed. It is a media library that allows subscribers to play,
download, and organize digital audio and videos, as well as other
types of media available in the iTunes Store. This application can run
on the Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. Users
can purchase and download music, music videos, television shows,
audio books, podcasts, movies, and movie rentals in some countries,
and ringtones. They are all available through the iTunes Store
PRODUCING AUDIO
INFORMATION
Cassette Tape

• It is a magnetic tape-recording format for

audio recording and playback, which
Philips released in 1962. Compact
cassettes can either be a prerecorded
cassette or a blank cassette, which can be
used for recording. Originally, this was
used for dictation purpose.
Vinyl Records

• Also known as gramophone or a phonograph

record. The vinyl record is an analog sound
storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl
chloride (previously shellac) disc with an
inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The
groove usually starts near the periphery and
ends near the center of the disc. The
phonograph disc record was the primary
medium used for music reproduction until
late in the 20th century.
Phonograph

• Invented in 1877 a phonograph is a device

used for mechanical recording and
reproduction of sound. Its later version is
called a gramophone
Compact disc (CD) player

• It is similar with a cassette recorder

or a radio, except that it can play a
compact disc (CD). A CD is an
electronic device with a flat and
round optical disc. It was first used
to store digital data, like music and
other sounds, and is sometimes
called audio CD. Philips and Sony
jointly developed the first compact
disc player.
Live performance
• It can be done by an orchestra or a band. This live performance is known
as a concert, where music is played in front of an audience. The
performance may be done by a single musician (sometimes called a recital)
or by a group. An orchestra refers to a large instrumental ensemble that
plays classical music. The ensemble is divided into different sections
depending on what musical instruments the members play. These are the
strings, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. A band is like an
orchestra except that is has less people playing musical instruments, often
limited only to keyboard, guitar, and drums. Additionally, a band is known
to play contemporary or modern music, while an orchestra plays classical
music.
Live performance
EVALUATING AND RATING
AUDIO INFORMATION
Sound Quality
This is vital factor in an audio information. If the volume is not audible, the
receiver will not be able to grasp the information. Volume pertains to the
loudness and softness of a sound. The volume should be loud enough for
the listener to hear, but not too loud that it would be regarded as noise
and damage your ears. Apart from volume, pitch is also important. Pitch
determines the highness and lowness of a tone. At times, even if the
volume is appropriate, the pitch can become distracting because it is too
high or too low, making the sound unclear or annoying.
Voice quality
This is also important since any vague sound due to poor diction or
improper pronunciation could lead to misinterpretation of the text being
read. With proper diction and pronunciation, the reader or speaker applies
proper accent, inflection, intonation, and quality speech sound.
Type of content
It should be considered in preparing audio information. The kind of music
should be appropriate to the content. For example, rock music would
probably not be suitable for a text taken from classical literature. The tone
of the narrator should also match the material he is reading. For example,
if then he is reading a children’s book, then he should have a soft but
animated voice.
Advantages of Audio Information
• It is easier to process since the information is already communicated
verbally.
• The audience pays more attention to the information, making it easier to
absorb the content.
• Audio information is much faster to relay since it can be said orally.
Limitations of Audio Information
• Retention of information could be difficult since the details were relayed
orally.
• The audience can become easily distracted if the sound is not audible.
• The one who will relay the information should be a good speaker, and the
receiver should have a good command of the language to understand the
information.