Cardiovascul

ar

Disorders
 Atheroma
 Patchy changes develop in the tunica intima of
large & medium-sized arteries
 The deposits consist of:
 Cholesterol
 Lipids compounds
 Smooth muscle& Fat filled monocytes
 Accumulation of fibrous plaques & lipids
progressively narrow the lumen & impedes blood
flow to the myocardium (Atherosclerosis).
Predisposing Factors

Family
Diet & Alcohol Life style
History

Smoking Age & Gender(m) Obesity

HPT DM Emotional Stress

Effects of Atheroma
 Effect depends on:
 Size
 Artery involved
 Extent of collateral cirrculation
 Common artery affected:
 Heart
 Abdominal
 Pelvic
Effects of Atheroma
Narrowing Occlusion
 Ischemia to distal  Ischemia
tissues  Degeneration &
 Unable to cope with death of distal
MR
tissue
 Ischemic pain
 infarction
 Heart: Angina
pectoris
 Coronary arteries: MI
 Muscle: Intermittent  Cerebral arteries :
claudication Stroke
Atheroma Complications
 Thrombosis Infraction
 Hemorrhage
 Deposited calcium salts makes artery walls rigid
 Unresponsive to BP changes
 Rupture -- hemorrhage
 Aneurysm Formation
 Arterial walls get weakened
 Local dilatation
 May lead to thrombosis
 Aneurysm rupture -- hemorrhage
Arteriosclerosis

A progressive degeneration of arterial walls,

associated with ageing and
accompanied by HPT
Arteriosclerosis
 occurs over a period of many years
 arteries become hard and brittle
 Vessels become thickened.
 a loss of elasticity.
 This occurs because of the deposition of calcium in
their walls
 It can involve:
 arteries of the cardiovascular system
 Brain
 Kidneys
 upper & lower extremities
Arteriosclerosis
Predisposing Factors

HPT Obesity Age

Diet Life style

DM

Smoking
Arteriosclerosis
Large & medium arteries Small arteries &
 Infiltration of tunica arterioles
media  Hyaline thickening of
 Fibrous tissue & tunica media & intima
calcium  Lumen narrowing
 Loss of elasticity &  peripheral resistance
dilation & BP
 Systolic & pulse  Ischemia
pressure  gangrene
Sings & Symptoms

 High blood pressure occurs as the arteries

become hardened and ridged.
 Peripheral Vascular Disease occurs as the
circulation is impaired to the upper and
lower extremities.
 Recurrent Kidney infections.
 Poor circulation to the fingers and toes.
Treatment
 Treatment is directed initially at relieving S &
S:
 Treatment of Diabetes, HPT
 Stop Smoking
 Reducing dietary calcium.
 Increased dietary magnesium.
 Vasodilators
 Weight Loss