INVERSE MATRIX

Calculus and Linear Algebra

Group-C
Id Name
009 Bayzid Islam Rafi
012 Mst. Fatema Begum Urmi
014 Rima Begum Jemi
032 Farjana Yasmen Shuva
035 Pooja Biswas
037 Riya Rani Gosh
Inverse Matrix
 Introduction
 2x2 Square matrix
 3x3 Square matrix
 4x4 Square matrix

PRESENTATION TITLE 2
Introduction
A square matrix A is said to be invertible if there exists a unique
matrix B such that AB = BA=1 where 1 is the unit matrix. We call
such a matrix B the inverse of A & is generally denoted by A
inverse. Here we have to note that if B is the inverse of A then A is
the inverse of B.

PRESENTATION TITLE 3
Theorem 1:
If A - 1 is the Inverse of the n-square matrix A.
Then AA - 1 = A - 1 A = 1, where I is the unit matrix of the same order.

PRESENTATION TITLE 4
Theorem 2:
If A and B are matrices of the same order and are invertible,
then (AB) - 1 = B - 1 A - 1

PRESENTATION TITLE 5
Theorem 3:
A matrix has an inverse if and only if it is non-singular.
A non-singular matrix has only one inverse.

PRESENTATION TITLE 6
  2 5
 Find the inverse of the matrix A by
 using row canonical form.
 1 3
2 5  1 0
Solution:  AI 2     Interchange first and second rows.
1 3  0 1
1 3  0 1  We multiply first row by 2 and then subtract from the

5  1 0 
second row.
2
1 3  0 1  We multiply second row by 3 and then add with the

0 1  1 2  first row.
1 0  3 5 
  We multiply second row, by (-1).
0 1  1 2 
1 0  3 5
   
 I 2 A 1
 2x2
matrix
0 1  1 2
 3 5
Example-1
1
Hence A is invertible and A  
 1 2 
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  3 4 1
 Find the inverse of the matrix A  1 0 3by using row canonical form.
 2 5 4 
Solution:  3 4 1  1 0 0 
 AI3   1 0 3  0 1 0 Interchange first and second rows.
 2 5 4  0 0 1 
1 0 3  0 1 0 
  3 4 1  1 0 0  from the second and third rows respectively.
We multiply first row by 3 and 2 and then subtract

 2 5 4  0 0 1 
1 0 3  0 1 0 
 0 4 10  1 3 0  Subtract third row from the second row.
0 5 10  0 2 1 
1 0 3  0 1 0 3x3 matrix
 0 1 0  1 1 1 Multiply the second row by (-1) Example-2
0 5 10  0 2 1 
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 1 0 3  0 1 0
 0 1 0  1 1 1 We multiply second row by 5 and then subtract from
0 5 10  0 2 1  the third row.

1 0 3  0 1 0
 0 1 0  1 1 1  We multiply third row by (-1/10)

0 0 10  5 7 4 
   
1 0 3  0 1 0  1 0 3  0 1 0
   
 0 1 0  1 1 1   0 1 0  1 1 1
 5 7 4   1 7 2
 0 0 1    0 0 1  
 10 10 10   2 10 5

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 We multiply third row by 3 and then subtract from the first row

 3 11 6 
1 0 3  2 10 5
 
 0 1 0  1 1 1    I 3 A1 
 1 7 2
0 0 1  
 2 10 5

3 11 6 
2 10 5
1  
Hence A is invertible and A   1 1 1 
 1 7 2
 
2 10 5

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  1 1 0 0 
1 2 0 0
 Find the inverse of the matrix A by using row transformations to
reduce A to I.  6 0 1 2 
 
 8 1 2 1 
Solution:  1 1 0 0  1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0  0 1 0 0 
 AI 4   
6 0 1 2  0 0 1 0
 
 8 1 2 1  0 0 0 1

1 1 0 0  1 0 0 0
0 3 0 0  1 1 0 0 
We subtract first row from second row. We multiply
 first row by 6 and then add with the third row. Also
0 6 1 2  6 0 1 0 we multiply first row by 8 and then subtract from
  the fourth row.
0 9 2 1  8 0 0 1 

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 1 1 0 0  1 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 We multiply second row by 2 and add
 1 1 0 0  with the third row. We also multiply

0 0 1 2  4 2 1 0 second row by 3 and then subtract from
  the fourth row.
0 0 2 1  5 3 0 1
1 1 0 0  1 0 0 0
 1 1 
0 1 0 0   0 0
 3 3  We multiply second row 1/3
0 0 1 2  4 2 1 0
 
0 0 2 1  5 3 0 1 
 2 1 
1 0 0 0  0 0
3 3
 
1 1
 0 1 0 0   0 0
 We add second row with the first row.
3 3
 
0 0 1 2  4 2 1 0
0 0 2 1  5 3 0 1 
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  2 1 
1 0 0 0  0 0
3 3
 
1 1
 0 1 0 0   0 0
 We multiply third row by 2 and then add with the
3 3
  fourth row.
0 0 1 2  4 2 1 0
0 0 0 3  3 1 2 1 
 2 1 
1 0 0 0  0 0 
3 3
 
0 1 1
1 0 0   0 0 
 3 3  We multiply fourth row by (-1/3).
 
0 0 1 2  4 2 1 0 
 1 2 1
0 0 0 1  1    
 3 3 3
 2 1 
1 0 0 0  0 0 
3 3
 
0 1 1
1 0 0   0 0 
 3 3 
   I 4 A 
1
 We multiply fourth row by 2 and then add with the
0 4 1 2
0 1 0  2    third row.
 3 3 3
 1 2 1
0 0 0 1  1    
 3 3 3 13
  2 1 
 3 0 0 
3
 
 1 1 0 0 
1  3 3 
Hence A is invertible and A  
 2 4 1 2
 
 3 3 3
 1 2 1
 1    
 3 3 3

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Thank you