K.S.

RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)
Tiruchengode – 637 215

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Project Work Phase – II

Date:

Formulation of Banana peel membrane to counteract fungal contamination in air-conditioned airflow

05.02.24

Presented by Under the Guidance of

Nagarjun V (Reg.No.: 73772023125) Mr.S.Kaleeswaran
B.Tech. Final year Assistant professor
Department of Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology
K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology
Tiruchengode. Tiruchengode.

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 Introduction
• Air conditioners (Acs) have become a ubiquitous feature in modern
buildings, providing a comfortable indoor environment throughout the
year.
• However, the use of Acs also leads to an increase in indoor airborne
microorganisms (IABMs), as these organisms find the the conducive
indoor environment to be an ideal breeding ground.
• This in turn can lead to degraded indoor air quality, which is a health
concern.
• The effect of indoor air quality on human health is often referred to as sick
building syndrome (SBS), and the presence of IABMs is a significant
contributing factor to this issue.
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Contd.

• This can help in preventing the development of more severe conditions

such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/ABPM).

• Healthcare professionals should consider this risk, particularly for patients

with severe asthma and those using high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, and

take steps to minimize exposure to fungi.

• Additionally, early detection and intervention can help prevent the

progression of these conditions and reduce the need for long-term systemic

corticosteroid treatment.

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 Objectives

• Collection of banana peel wastes.

• Formulation of a using banana peel and chitosan.
• Studing the anti-microbial activity of banana peel membrane
• Characterization of banana peel membrane using SEM.
• Mitigating fungal contamination by replacing AC membranes
with banana peel membreanes.

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 Proposed Work / Methodology

1 Collection of Banana Peel wastes

2 Processing of Banana Peels Powder

3 Synthesis of Membrane using Banana Peels Powder

4 Characterization of banana peel membrane using SEM

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 Materials and Methods

Collection of Banana Peel wastes :

Banana Peel wastes have been collected, washed with water to remove dirt,
and cut into small pieces and then dried in an oven at 120°C for 24 hours.

Processing of Banana Peels Powder :

• After drying, the banana peel is ground with micro milling.
• Then the skin is crushed and sifted so that the particle size remains stable.
• Store at banana peel powder at room temperature in a plastic container
until it is used.

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Contd.

Synthesis of Membrane using Chitosan and Banana Peels Powder :

• Prepared as much as 1 gram of chitosan powder, dissolved in 2%

acetic acid solution and stirred for 4 hours at room temperature.
• Prepared 1 ml of glycerol and added as a crosslinker and
plasticizer.
• Chitosan solution was put into Teflon mold and mixed with
banana peel powder with different concentrations dried at 40°C
for 24 hours to evaporate the solvent and form a membrane.
• The prepared membrane is gently peeled, and further dried by
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keeping the oven 40°C
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 Results and discussion

• To give a better sight, the membrane dressing sample were depicted in Figure 1 and
Figure 2.
• Figure 1 shows the Membrane formed at 0 % concentration of Banana peel powder.
• Figure 2 shows the Membrane formed at 1 % concentration of Banana peel powder.

FIGURE 1 : Membrane at 0% FIGURE 2 : Membrane at 1%

concentration of Banana peel concentration of Banana peel
powder powder
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 Solubility Test

• The obtained banana peel membrane were treated with different

solvents to check for their solubility nature.
• Well dried banana peel membrane were cut into pieces and treated
with different polar, non -polar solvents and with acid.
• Methanol and Ethanol were taken under polar solvents.
• Benzene was taken under non-polar solvent and H2SO4 were took
under strong acid.
• The obtained banana peel membrane were subjected to solubility test
and their results were shown in Table 1.

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Table 1 : Solubility test

Solvents Used Solubility Test

Insoluble Partially Soluble Soluble

Methanol + - -
Ethanol + - -
Benzene - + -
H2SO4 - - +

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 Swelling Test

• Swelling test were carried out to analyse whether the obtained banana peel
membrane retain the original properties.
• Well dried banana peel membrane were weighed and immersed in different
solvents such as Chloroform, Methanol and Water at 37°C for 2 hours, for
every 20 minutes the soaked banana peel membrane pieces were dried and
weighed. Swelling Test
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Swelling Ratio (%)

• Swelling test results are shown in Figure 3. 10
8
6
4
2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (in mins)

WATER CHLOROFORM
METHANOL

Figure 3. Swelling test

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 Degradability Test 0.4

0.35

• Soil burial test was carried to 0.3

Weight (in grams)

understand the degradation rate of 0.25

0.2
banana peel membrane. Glass beakers
0.15

are filled with soil and a piece of pre 0.1

weighed banana peel membrane 3CM 0.05

0
X 3CM in size was placed into the 0 5 10 15 20 25

Days
glass beakers.
• These beakers are undisturbed for 2 Figure 4. Degradability test result

weeks and its weight loss was

measured periodically once in 5 days.

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 Antibacterial Activity

• Figure 5 shows the agar medium with S. aureus after receiving membrane.
• The clear zone formed shows no growth of Staphylococcus aureusbacteria
around the well.
• Banana peel membrane diffuses on the well and is able to form a clear zone
which indicates a reaction to inhibit the growth of Stapyloccus aureus bacteria
or as an antibacterial.
• Chitosan-banana peel powder dressing membrane showed higher activity
against Staphylococcus aureus strains (gram positive bacteria).

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Figure 5 : Effect of antibacterial activity of Membrane of chitosan and
Banana peel powder on Staphylococcus aureus.

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 Antifungal Activity

• Aspergillus niger showed the highest prevalence in the current study, thus it was
used as an indicator to evaluate the antifungal activity of banana peel membrane.
• The antifungal activity results showed that banana peel had no antifungal effect
against Aspergillus niger.

Figure 6 : Effect of antifungal activity of Membrane of chitosan and Banana

peel powder on Aspergillus niger.

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 SEM Images

Figure 7. shows the SEM morphological structure of banana skin powder

particles. The particle size is in the range of 20-80 μm in length and 20-30 μm
in width.

Figure 7. SEM Image of Banana peel powder. Figure 8. SEM Image of Banana peel
membrane at 0% concentration.

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 Conclusion

• The chitosan affects gram negative and positive but rather like
argumentative effects, some findings indicate more effectiveness against
gram negative compared to gram positive.
• The current study gave hopeful results to use banana peel membrane as
antifungal agents against indoor aerobiological pollution, and air
conditioner contamination.
• The antifungal activity of banana peel membrane was reported by several
studies, the effectiveness of the membrane has also been demonstrated
against many bacterial and fungal isolates from various sources.

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Thank you

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