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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Core Supplement
•State that there are positive and State that charge is measured in coulombs
negative charges • State that the direction of an electric
• State that unlike charges attract and field at a point is the direction of the force
on a positive charge at that point
that like charges repel
• Describe an electric field as a region in
• Describe simple experiments to show
which an electric charge experiences a
the production and detection of
force
electrostatic charges • Describe simple field patterns, including
• State that charging a body involves the field around a point charge, the field
the addition or removal of electrons around a charged conducting sphere and the
• Distinguish between electrical field between two parallel plates (not
conductors and insulators and give including end effects)
typical examples • Give an account of charging
State that current is related to the • Recall and use a simple electron model to
flow of charge distinguish between conductors and
insulators
• Use and describe the use of an
Show understanding that a current is a rate
ammeter, both analogue and digital
of flow of charge and recall and use the
• State that current in metals is due to
equation I = Q / t
a flow of electrons • Distinguish between the direction of flow
of electrons and conventional current
Static Electricity
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
Static Electricity
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
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+ -
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http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
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+ + - -
+ + - -
+ + - -
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
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+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-physics-
labs/experiments/electric-charge-and-static-electricity
Only
electrons
move, never
the positive
charges!
Static Electricity
-
- -
Only
electrons
- move, never
- - the positive
- + charges!
+
Electrons
+
move from + The rod becomes positively
the rod onto
the duster.
+ charged, and the duster
becomes negatively
+ charged.
Perspex
Static Electricity
+ + Only
+ electrons
+ + move, never
+ the positive
+ - charges!
-
-
Electrons -
move from The rod becomes negatively
the duster - charged, and the duster
onto the rod. - becomes positively
charged.
Polythene
Uses of Static Electricity
1. Electrostatic smoke precipitators.
As particles of
+ smoke or dust
- rise up the
+
- chimney they
+ - are attracted
+
- to the charged
+
- plates on
+ - either side.
Uses of Static Electricity
1. Electrostatic smoke precipitators. 2. Spray painting
_ _
As particles of _
+++
+ smoke or dust
- rise up the
+
- chimney they
+ - are attracted
+
- to the charged
1. The spray nozzle is connected
+
- plates on
to a positive terminal.
+ - either side.
2. Each spray drop is now +ve.
3. The drops repel and spread out.
4. The car is connected to the
earth (or –ve).
5. +ve drops attracted to the –ve
car.
Uses of Static Electricity
1. Electrostatic smoke precipitators. 2. Spray painting
_ _
As particles of _
+++
+ smoke or dust
- rise up the
+
- chimney they
+ - are attracted
+
- to the charged
1. The spray nozzle is connected
+
- plates on
to a positive terminal.
+ - either side.
2. Each spray drop is now +ve.
3. The drops repel and spread out.
4. The car is connected to the
earth (or –ve).
3. Photocopiers make use of static to 5. +ve drops attracted to the –ve
attract black toner to the paper. car.
Distinguish between
electrical
conductors and
insulators and give
typical examples
CONDUCTORS – allow electrons to
pass through them. Metals have ‘free’
Distinguish between
electrical electrons between the individual
conductors and atoms, and this makes them excellent
insulators and give conductors. The free electrons also
typical examples make them good conductors of thermal
energy (heat).
Copper
(conductor)
CONDUCTORS – allow electrons to
pass through them. Metals have ‘free’
Distinguish between
electrical electrons between the individual
conductors and atoms, and this makes them excellent
insulators and give conductors. The free electrons also
typical examples make them good conductors of thermal
energy (heat).
Copper
(conductor)
INSULATORS –
electrons are held
tightly to their atoms PVC
so are not free to (insulator)
Copper
(conductor)
INSULATORS –
electrons are held
tightly to their atoms PVC SEMI-CONDUCTORS –
so are not free to (insulator)
neither an insulator or a
move, and so do not conductor. Poor conductors
conduct electricity when cold, but much better
(but electrons can be conductors when warm.
transferred by
rubbing – static
charging).
CONDUCTORS – allow electrons to
pass through them. Metals have ‘free’
Distinguish between
electrical electrons between the individual
conductors and atoms, and this makes them excellent
insulators and give conductors. The free electrons also
typical examples make them good conductors of thermal
energy (heat).
Eg. Metals
Copper (copper, gold)
(conductor) and carbon
INSULATORS –
electrons are held
tightly to their atoms PVC SEMI-CONDUCTORS –
so are not free to (insulator)
neither an insulator or a
move, and so do not conductor. Poor conductors
conduct electricity when cold, but much better
(but electrons can be conductors when warm.
transferred by
rubbing – static Eg. Silicon and
charging). germanium
Eg. Plastics, glass, dry air
State that current is related
to the flow of charge.
So what’s all Use and describe the use of
this ‘current’ an ammeter, both analogue
and digital.
stuff about? State that current in metals
is due to a flow of electrons.
State that current is related
to the flow of charge.
So what’s all Use and describe the use of
this ‘current’ an ammeter, both analogue
and digital.
stuff about? State that current in metals
is due to a flow of electrons.
Let’s go back to
basics and consider
what is happening in
an electrical circuit.
State that current is related
to the flow of charge.
So what’s all Use and describe the use of
this ‘current’ an ammeter, both analogue
and digital.
stuff about? State that current in metals
is due to a flow of electrons.
Let’s go back to
basics and consider
what is happening in
an electrical circuit.
Let’s go back to
basics and consider
what is happening in
+ -
an electrical circuit.
Conventional
current flow
Let’s go back to
basics and consider
what is happening in
+ - Electrons
actually flow
an electrical circuit. from the –ve
to the +ve,
opposite to
the
conventional
current flow.
Current is
measured using
an ammeter.
State that current is related
to the flow of charge.
Use and describe the use of an The unit of
ammeter, both analogue and current is the
digital.
ampere (A).
State that current in metals is
due to a flow of electrons. This is usually
abbreviated to
the amp.
Current is
measured using
To measure the
current flowing an ammeter.
through a circuit,
the ammeter is
connected in series.
Measuring current