TOPIC 2

STATIC ELECTRICITY AND

CONDUCTION

PREPARED BY : AHMAD ZEFRIL BN HJ PAWZI

 2. Static Electricity & Conduction
• Objectives:

a) Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic

charges
b) Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion
c) Units of charges, Coulomb’s Law
d) Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases
and vacuum
 REVIEW of TOPIC 1
Element - a substance contains only one type of Atom
Atom - smallest particle of an Element
Compound - a substance contains two or more
difference kind of Atoms or Element

Molecule - can consists of more than one different type

of element

Conductor - atomic structure that easily permits

movement of electrons
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

STATIC ELECTRICITY

 Electric charges that are at rest - STATIC

 Is called ELECTROSTATIC

What cause Electrostatic?

2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Cause of Electrostatic
 Static electricity is caused when
friction causes electrical charges
to build up on a surface of a non-
conduction material.
 Usually caused when certain
materials are rubbed against
each other (like wool on plastic
or the soles of your shoes on the
carpet)
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

 This process causes electrons to be pulled

from the surface of one material and
relocated on the surface of the other
material.
 Opposite charges – attract
 Same charges - repel.
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

 Excess of electrons - negatively charged

body
 Deficiency of electrons - positively charged
body.
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

 This excess or deficiency of electrons can

be used by friction between two dissimilar
substances.

How do sparks occurs?

2. Static Electricity & Conduction

SPARK
 A spark is a stream of electrons jumping
across an air gap, heating the air until it
glows and expands.
 Certain conditions can cause enough static
electricity buildup to cause a spark or
lightning.
 A spark often requires both a conductor and
non-conductor.
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

 Sparks are an extreme case of electrons

being attracted to an object that has a
positive charge.
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Electrostatic Force
 The force that created between two
charged bodies
 Either attractive or repulsive, depend on
the object’s charge.
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Strength of an electrostatic field depends on,

 Strength of the charge on those two bodies
– directly proportional
 Distance between the two charged bodies.
 2. Static Electricity & Conduction
What we call this Law?

Electrostatic Distance Quantity of

Force between the two Charge
charged substances

Distance
Electrostatic between the two Quantity of
Force charged substances Charge
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Coulomb’s Law

“The magnitude or strength of the electrostatic

force between two point charges is directly
proportional to the magnitudes of each charge
and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between the charges.”
2. Static Electricity & Conduction
In equation form,
k (Q1) (Q2)
F (Force) = --------------
d2
where,
Q1 - quantity of charge on object 1 (in Coulombs),
Q2 - quantity of charge on object 2 (in Coulombs),
d - distance between the centers of charge of separation
between the two objects/charges (in meters).
k - Coulomb's law constant
(e.g. for air is approx. 9.0 x 109 N • m2 / C2 )
 2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Distance between two objects Force of attraction is

with dissimilar charges is reduced to 1/4 its original
doubled value

Distance between two electrical

Force of attraction is
charged objects is cut in half or
increases by a factor of 4.
doubled the charged object
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

1
f = -----
d2
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Discussion:

 How does electrostatic generate on the

aircraft?

 Give example of this effect on the aircraft

 How to overcome this effect?

 2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Aircraft Static Discharge Wicks

Provide points from which static charges are dissipated into the air before a
high potential builds on the control surface
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Bonding jumper / strap

- Is to provide a low resistance
between a control surface
and the aircraft structure
2. Static Electricity & Conduction
When Refueling Aircraft :

Aircraft must be electrically grounded

before they are fueled. Ground reel
connect the aircraft and the fueling truck or
pit together, and both of them are
connected to the earth ground so that the
static charges that build up during fueling
can pass harmlessly to the ground
2. Static Electricity & Conduction

Conduction of electricity

 Movement of electrically charged particles

through a transmission medium. The
medium can be either,
- Solids
- Liquids
- Gasses
- Vacuum
END OF TOPIC 2

STATIC ELECTRICITY

& CONDUCTION
 Mini Quiz to check your understanding

1. What happens to an atom if something pulls an electron from it?

(A) It explodes
(B) The atom has a positive (+) charge
(C) The atom has a negative (-) charge

2. Which of the following will usually create static electricity?

(A) Rub a wet rag on a plastic comb
(B) Rub a coin with a plastic comb
(C) Rub a plastic comb with some rabbit fur

3. What can cause electrons to jump across a gap and cause a spark?
(A) The force from a large positive charge
(B) Lightning
(C) Heat