02 - Three Phase System

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TOPIC 2
THREE PHASE SYSTEM
Page No: 1 Subject Code AKD10203

Revision : Original
Issue No : 001 Issue Date: 30 August 2006
Three Phase System
• A common method of alternating-current electric

power generation, transmission and distribution.
• More economical than an equivalent single-phase or

two-phase system at the same voltage because it
uses less conductor material to transmit electrical
power.
• The windings are arranged such that the currents

vary sinusoidally at the same frequency but with the
peaks and troughs of their wave forms offset to
provide three complementary currents with a phase
separation of one-third cycle 120º.
Revision : Original
Three Phase System
A. Single Phase generator :

- Has one rotating coil (wound many times) with one cable
going to the consumer units
One Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
One Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
One Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

B. Two Phase Generator
- Two coils on the same armature (shaft) wound at 900 to each
other and there would be two cables going to the consumer
units.
Two Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
Two Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

C. Three Phase Generator
- Three coils on the same armature wound at 1200 to each
other producing three outputs at 1200 phase difference
Three Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
The output is out of phase by 120 degree
Three Phase Supply

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
- Most aircraft use three phase system (A.C.) either in

STAR (Y) configuration or DELTA (Δ) configuration.
- Is a standard practice to identify each phase in a three phase
system as
Red (R) , Yellow (Y), Blue (B) or
L1, L2 , L3 or
A,B,C
- This is their phase sequence or phase rotation

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
Comparison of One, Two & Three Phase Supplies

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

D. Three Phase ‘STAR’ Connected Generator
- The end of each winding is connected to a common point
called the NEUTRAL
- The three LINES are taken from the start of each phase winding

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
- Any Line to Neutral is called Phase

Voltage
- R to N, Y to N or B to N
- Any Line to Line is called Line
Voltage
- R to Y, Y to B or B to R

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

- In STAR connection, the Line Current = Phase Current ( IL = Iph)
the Line Voltage (VL) = √3 x Vph
115V

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Example 1
Iph = 1 A 115V
IL = I ph
VL = √3 x V ph =?
IL = ?
115V
115V
Calculate
a. Line Current = ? Give me your answer now ?
b. Line Voltage = ?
Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Example 2
Iph = 2 A 240V
IL = I ph
VL = √3 x V ph =?
Try this one :

IL = ? 240V
240V
Calculate
a. Line Current = ?
b. Line Voltage = ?
Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Advantage
a. Consist of two separate voltage
i. 115V phase voltage from any line and neutral line
ii. 200V line voltage from any two lines
voltage
b. When the load are said to be balanced, no current flow along the neutral
line
c. Frequency is ALWAYS expressed as the frequency of a SINGLE PHASE,
it is NOT multiplied by three phase systems
d. Most aircraft a.c. generator is connected in ‘STAR’ and its voltage is
rated as 115/200V 3 Phase 400 Hz

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

E. DELTA Connected Generator
In Delta connection :
a. Line Voltage (VL) and Phase
Voltage (V ph) is the same
Line voltage = Phase voltage
b. Line current is derived from
the currents that are flowing in
the two windings that are
connected to that particular
line, therefore
Line current = √3 x I ph
There is NO Neutral connection

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
In Delta :
IL = √3 x I ph
VL = V ph

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

The Three Phase Voltages
- The output windings of the generator are identical and their outputs will be of equal
amplitude i.e. 1200 out of phase

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
F. Power in a Balanced Three Phase System

- In Star and Delta connected loads, the True Power in each phase is given by :
P = Vph Iph cos ø Watts
- In a symmetrical and balanced system, the True Power is given by the sum of the
phase powers :
P = 3 Vph Iph cos ø Watts
- It is usual to express True Power in terms of lines values which is given by :

P = √3 VL IL cos ø Watts

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Example balanced load for Star connection
Assume the power factor is 1,

calculate the
a. VL (Line voltage)
10 Ώ
b. Vph (Phase voltage)
250V
c. Iph (Phase current)
d. IL (Line current)
e. PT (Total power)
10 Ώ 10 Ώ

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Star connection
Answers :
a. VL (Line voltage) – 250 V
b. Vph (Phase voltage) – 144 V
10 Ώ
c. Iph (Phase current) – 14.4 A
250V
d. IL (Line current) – 14.4 A
e. PT (Total power) – 6235 W
(6.2kW)
10 Ώ 10 Ώ

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Example balanced load for Delta connection
Assume the power factor is 1,

calculate the
a. VL (Line voltage)
b. Vph (Phase voltage)
10 Ώ
c. Iph (Phase current) 10 Ώ 250V
d. IL (Line current)
e. PT (Total power)
10 Ώ

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Delta connection
Answers :
a. VL (Line voltage) – 250 V
b. Vph (Phase voltage) – 250 V
c. Iph (Phase current) – 25 A
10 Ώ
d. IL (Line current) – 43.3 A 10 Ώ 250V
e. PT (Total power) – 18749 W

(18.75kW)
10 Ώ

Revision : Original
Three Phase System

Conclusion :
In Delta connection, the total load consume is 3 TIMES more power than the
same load connected in Star
P = 6235W (6.2KW) P = 18749W (18.75KW)

Revision : Original
Three Phase System
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION
YOUR NEXT LESSON WILL BE

TRANSFORMER

Revision : Original

02 - Three Phase System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

02 - Three Phase System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

THREE PHASE SYSTEM

Page No: 1 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

• A common method of alternating-current electric

• More economical than an equivalent single-phase or

• The windings are arranged such that the currents

Three Phase System

A. Single Phase generator :

One Phase Supply

Three Phase System

One Phase Supply

Three Phase System

One Phase Supply

Three Phase System

Two Phase Supply

Three Phase System

Two Phase Supply

Three Phase System

Three Phase Supply

Three Phase System

The output is out of phase by 120 degree

Three Phase Supply

Three Phase System

- Most aircraft use three phase system (A.C.) either in

Page No: 10 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Comparison of One, Two & Three Phase Supplies

Three Phase System

Page No: 12 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

- Any Line to Neutral is called Phase

Page No: 13 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Page No: 14 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Three Phase System

Try this one :

Three Phase System

Page No: 17 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Page No: 18 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Page No: 19 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Page No: 20 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

F. Power in a Balanced Three Phase System

- It is usual to express True Power in terms of lines values which is given by :

Page No: 21 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Assume the power factor is 1,

Page No: 22 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Page No: 23 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

Assume the power factor is 1,

Page No: 24 Subject Code AKD10203

Three Phase System

e. PT (Total power) – 18749 W

Page No: 25 Subject Code AKD10203