EASA B1.1 : MODULE 6.

Transmissions

22/03/22
Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie
Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie
Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie
Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie
 Gears and Their Application

Many mechanical devices and practically every machine

tool contain gear of one type or another.

Gear are used in pair or in combination to transmit motion,

change in direction of motion , change direction of motion,
increase or decrease speed and transmit power from one part
of a machine to another part.

Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie

 Gears and materials
Gears may be cast, molded or cut from solid from steel, brass, bronze and
plastics. Frequently used combinations for wheel and pinion respectively are:

Carbon steel/alloy steel.

Alloy steel/case hardened steel.
Case hardened steel/case hardened steel.

When two gears are running together the large one is called the gear and the
smaller is called a pinion.

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 Gears Ratio
The gear ratio is the ratio of the number of teeth on one gear to the number of
teeth on the other. This determines the amount of speed reduction or increase
which takes place.

For example,
If a pinion has twenty teeth and the gear has sixty, the ratio is 1:3. The gear will
make one revolution for every three of the pinion.

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Prepared By: Mohd Ezwani Kadir 9
Prepared By: Mohd Ezwani Kadir 10
 Gear Nomenclature
If two gears running together are imagined to be two smooth wheels whose
surfaces are touching, then:
The diameter of each wheel is the ‘pitch diameter’ or the ‘pitch circle’ of the gear.

The part of the gear tooth that extends beyond the pitch circle is called the
‘addendum’ The dedendum is the part of the tooth inside the circle.

The root circle is the diameter of the gear measured at the base of the tooth.

The pitch is the distance between a point on a tooth and the corresponding point
on the next tooth, measured on the pitch circle. This is known as ‘circular pitch’.

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BACKLASH

Backlash or lash is the play between two meshing gears. It is defined as the
difference between the distance between two teeth and the width of the
engaging tooth.

Backlash between two gears can be altered by changing the centre distance
between them.

The correct amount of backlash is designed into a gear system which means
that the distance between the centres must be within tolerance.

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TRANSMISSION

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 Gear Types and Their Application

Types of gear: -
 

1. Spur Gear
Used to a large extent in power
transmission.
Noisy when running at high
speed.

2. Helical Gear

Stronger, quieter and

smoother in operation.

More teeth in contact at

one time.

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3. Herring Bone Gear

Used in order to avoid end

thrust.

Quieter and smooth

operation.

4. Internal Gear

Used where space limited.

Have larger ratio of reduction
in a comparatively small
space.

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5. Bevel Gear

Shaft are not parallel to

each other.
 

6. Spiral Bevel Gear

At high speed it is noisy and

running is not smooth.
 

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7. Worm Gear
To secure large ratio of reduction.
Smooth, quite and powerful
Used as speed reducer with a
corresponding increase in power
Good self-locking

8. Rack and Pinion

Used to transmit power from rotary

motion to straight motion.

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9. Hypoid Gear

Normally used in motor vehicle.

Transmit power from the engine to the rear axle via a long
shaft.

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 Gear Ratios, Reduction and Multiplication Gear
Systems, Driven and Driving Gear, Idler Gear and
Mesh Patterns

 
Objective: -

At the end of this lesson the student will be able to define the reduction gear and it's
application.
 

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 Gear Ratios, Reduction and Multiplication Gear Systems, Driven
and Driving Gear, Idler Gear, Mesh Patterns

The reduction gear assembly is secured to the front face of the timing case cover and
consist of: -

The propeller shaft, carrying three bevel gears mounted on these stub shafts.

The driving gear, driven by the driving dog on the front of the crankshaft.

The stationary bevel gear.

The reduction gear casing.

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 A
Reduction Gear Ratio =
B +A

Where,

A = Number of teeth on the driving gear,

B = No. of teeth on the driven gear

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Prepared By: M.Azlan Shafie
 Belts and Pulleys, Chains and Sprockets

Belts and Pulley, Chains and Sprocket are used as a remote controls.

Remote Controls

To control components such as:

 Trimming Tabs

 Fuels Cocks

 Brake Control Valves

 Engine Controls.
 

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 Chains
Chains
Used in conjunction with a sprocket.
 

Purpose:

To provide a strong and positive drive in the

control system to change the direction of
control run where considerable force is
exerted.
 

Type of chains:

Aircraft control system chain is of the simple

roller type similar to the bicycle chain.

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 Chains

Classification of Chain:

i. Measured by the pitch of its links

ii. Sizes are: 8mm, 9.5mm, 12.7mm and

15.9mm.

8mm chain has straight bearing

pins, shoulders not provided for
the outer plates.
Figure : Example of motorcycle
chain and sprocket

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 Pulley

Pulley is essentially a wheel, usually grooved, mounted in a frame or block so that

it can readily turn upon a fixed axis

Pulleys for aircraft are usually made of a phenolic or micarta composition, plastic
or aluminium alloy

They are often supported on anti-friction bearings.

Figure:
Example of
Belt and Pulley

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 Pulley

The installation of belt and pulley systems in an engine is to transmit the

engine torque to the driving components such as;

1. Air conditioner 2. Compressor 3. Rotor blades & etc

BELT AND PULLEY

transmit

Engine Torque Driving Components

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 Pinion planetary wheel

Arm
Propeller shaft

Crankshaft

Stationary wheel

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