1 Electrostatics

CHAMPIONS LECTURE SERIES

P-LS
Physics Lecture Series

Chapter :- Electrostatics-1
P-040
XII Integrated & Normal Batches
Time : 2 Hrs

Lecture Planning & Flow

No. Lecture Contents Homework of the lecture
I Basic History of attraction when two things were rubbed, For JEE Main/AIPMT/CET
What is charge, Properties of charge,Polarity phenom- Aspirants
enon, Coulombs Law (Definition), Define Point Charge,
Solve Abhyaas - I (Level-I) with
Properties of Coulomb’s Law, Principle of superposition.
Detailed analysis and solutions
Problems solving.
(Don’t just write the answer) on
II Modern notion of Interaction between the charges, plane white sheet of paper and
Introduction to electric field, Quantification of Elec- submit.
tric Field, Principle of superposition in electric field,
Standard questions (field due to infinite and finite line For JEE Advanced Aspirants
charge, ring, infinite plane) ,Introduction of Charge
density. Electric Field lines of point charge, two Solve Abhyaas - I (Level-I &
different, line charge, configuration of plates. Level-II) with Detailed analysis
III Properties of conductor, Electrostatic pressure on and solutions (Don’t just write
conductors, Concept of Induced charge, Examples- the answer) on plane white sheet
Conductor with cavity, Introduction of potential, of paper and submit. &
Equi-potential surfaces, Conservative nature of electric HC Verma Electrostatics
forces, Problems of co-centric shells, Concept of Earthing, Question 1 to 20
Problems of co-centric shells with earthing and different
geometries, For Olympiad Aspirants
Above mentioned homework +
IV Electric field as gradient of potential, Introduction of Irodov Problem 3.1 to 3.7
Concept of electrostatic energy, Energy in co-centric
shells, Concept of Escape Velocity.
V Introduction to Dipole, Field of dipole, its interaction
with external electric field, force, torque Problems related
to dipole.
VI Introduction of flux, Gauss Theorem, Proof of Gauss
Theorem, Problems on Gauss Theorem, Finding of
electric field by using gauss theorem.
VII Application of Gauss Law and Self Energy.

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Electrostatics
Introduction
The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics.
Electric Charge
Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) due to which it produces and experiences
electrical and magnetic effects. Some of naturally charged particles are electron, proton, a-particle etc.

Types of Charge
(i) Positive charge : It is the deficiency of electrons compared to protons.
(ii) Negative charge : It is the excess of electrons compared to protons.

Units of Charge
Charge is a derived physical quantity. Charge is measured in coulomb in S.I. unit. In practice we use mC (10–3C),
mC (10–6C), nC(10–9C) etc.
C.G.S. unit of charge = electrostatic unit = esu.
1 coulomb = 3 ×109 esu of charge
Dimensional formula of charge = [M0 L0 T1 I1]

Properties of Charge
(i) Charge is a scalar quantity (ii) Charge is transferable (iii) Charge is conserved
(iv) Charge is quantized
(v) Like point charges repel each other while unlike point charges attract each other.
(vi) A charged body may attract a neutral body or an oppositely charged body but it always repels a similarly
charged body.
Note : Repulsion is a sure test of electrification whereas attraction may not be.
(vii) Charge is always associated with mass, i.e., charge can not exist without mass though mass can exist without
charge.
(viii) Charge is relativistically invariant: This means that charge is independent of frame of reference, i.e., charge on
a body does not change whatever be its speed. This property is worth mentioning as in contrast to charge, the
mass of a body depends on its speed and increases with increase in speed.
(ix) A charge at rest produces only electric field around itself; a charge having uniform motion produces electric as
well as magnetic field around itself while a charge having accelerated motion emits electromagnetic radiation also
in addition to producing electric and magnetic fields.

Charging of a body
A body can be charged by means of (a) friction, (b) conduction, (c) induction, (d) thermoinic ionisation, (e) photo
electric effect and (f) field emission.

(a) Charging by Friction :

When a neutral body is rubbed with other neutral body (at least one of them should be insulator) then some elec
trons are transferred from one body to other. The body which gains electrons becomes negatively charged and other
becomes positively charged.
After rubbing ++ +++++ ++
+ +
A B + A + + B
+ +
+ + ++++ +

Neutral

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 3 Electrostatics

(b) Conduction (flow): There are three types of material in nature

(i) Conductor : Materials which have large number of free electrons.
(ii) Insulator or Dielectric or Nonconductors : Materials which do not have free electrons.
When a charged conductor is connected with a neutral conductor then charge flows from one body to other
body. In case of two charged conductors charge flows from higher potential energy to lower potential energy.
The charge stops flowing when the potential of the two bodies become same.

+++++ +++++
++ ++

A B
+ +++ +
++
+

A B +++++ +++++
++ ++

A B
Note: If two identical shaped conductors kept at large distance are connected to each other then they will have
equal charges finally.
(c) Induction : When a charged particle is taken near to neutral object then the electrons move to one side
and there is excess of electrons on that side making it negatively charged and deficiency on the other side
making that side positively charged. Hence charges appear on two sides of the body (although total charge of
the body is still zero). This phenomenon is called induction and the charge produced by it is called induced
charge.

++
+
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + -q + +q
+

A body can be charged by induction in following two ways.

Method I :
The potential of conductor A becomes zero after earthing. To make potential zero some electrons flow from
the Earth to the conductor A and now connection is removed making it negatively charged.
++
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +

A A

Method II :
The conductor which has induced charge on it, is connected to a neutral conductor which makes the flow of
charge such that their potentials become equal and now they are disconnected making the neutral conductor
charged. (d)
Thermionic emission: When the metal is heated at a high temperature then some electrons of metals are
ejected and the metal gets ionised. It becomes positively charged.
+ + +++
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
A B
(d) Thermionic emission: When the metal is heated at a high temperature then some electrons of metals
are ejected and the metal gets ionised. It becomes positively charged.

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IIT- JEE/Physics 4

e- e- e-

+ + + + + +
e- + + + + + + e-
+ + + + + +

Heat

(e) Photoelectric effect: When light of sufficiently high frequency is incident on metal surface then some elec
trons come out and metal gets ionized.
light

e- e- e-
e-
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +

(f) Field emission: When electric field of large magnitude is applied near the metal surface then some electrons
come out from t he metal sur face a nd hence t he metal get s posit ively charged.

e-
E
e-

e-

Coulomb’s Law (Inverse Square Law)

On the basis of experiments Coulomb established the following law known as Coulomb’s law. The magnitude of
electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.

i.e. F \ q1 q2
qq Kq q
F \ 12 & F \ 1 2 2 & F = 12 2
r r r

Important points regarding Coulomb’s law :

(i) It is applicable only for point charges.
1
(ii) The constant of proportionality K in SI units in vacuum is expressed as and in any other medium
4πe0
1 1 q1q 2
expressed as . If charges are dipped in a medium then electrostatic force on one charge is . e0
4πe 4 πe0 e r r 2
and e are called permittivity of vacuum and absolute permittivity of the medium respectively. The ratio f0 = fr is
f
called relative permittivity of the medium, which is a dimensionless quantity.

(iii) The value of relative permittivity er varies between 1 to 3. For vacuum, by definition it is equal to 1. For air it is

nearly equal to 1 and may be taken to be equal to 1 for calculations. For metals the value of er is 3.

(iv) The value of 1

= 9 # 10 Nm C- .
9 2 2

40
(v) The force acting on one point charge due to the other point charge is always along the line joining these two
charges. It is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on two charges, irrespective of the medium, in which
they lie.
(vi) The force is conservative in nature i.e., work done by electrostatic force in moving a point charge along a close loop
of any shape is zero.

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 5 Electrostatics
(vii) Since the force is a central force, in the absence of any other external force, angular momentum of one particle
w.r.t. the other particle (in two particle system) is conserved,
(x) In vector form formula can be given as below.

F= 1 q1 q2 r = 1 q1 q2 tr
40 fr r 3 40 fr r 2

here r is position vector of the test charge with respect to the source charge.

Principle Of Superposition
The electrostatic force is a two body interaction, i.e., electrical force between two point charges is independent of
presence or absence of other charges and so the principle of superposition is valid, i.e., force on charged particle
due to number of point charges is the resultant of forces due to individual point charges, therefore, force on a point
test charge due to many charges is given by
q1
F3
F = F1 + F2 + F3 + ...
q2
q F2
q3
F1
q4
Electrostatic Equilibrium
The point where the resultant force becomes zero is called equilibrium position.
Stable Equilibrium: If charge is initially in equilibrium position and is displaced by a small distance. If the charge
tries to return back to the same equilibrium position then this equilibrium is called position of stable equilibrium.
Unstable Equilibrium: If charge is displaced by a small distance from its equilibrium position and the charge has
no tendency to return to the same equilibrium position. Instead it goes away from the equilibrium position.
Neutral Equilibrium: If charge is displaced by a small distance and it is still in equilibrium condition then it is
called neutral equilibrium.
Illustration 1. Charge conservation is always valid. Is it also true for mass ?
Solution: No, mass conservation is not valid. Mass can be converted into energy.
Illustration 2. What are the differences between charging by induction and charging by conduction ?
Solution: Major differences between two methods of charging are as follows :
(i) In induction, two bodies are close to each other but do not touch each other while in conduction
they touch each other.
(ii) In induction, total charge of body remains unchanged while in conduction it changes.
(iii) In induction, induced charge is always opposite in nature to that of source charge while in conduction
charge on two bodies is of same nature.
Illustration 3. If the distance between two equal point charges is doubled and their individual charges are also dou-
bled, what would happen to the force between them?
Solution: q#q 2q # 2q
F= 1 ; again F l = 1
4rf0 r 2 4rf0 ^2r h2

4q 2 1 q =F
2
or, F l = 1 2 =
4rf0 4r 4rf0 r 2

So, the force will remain the same.

Illustration 4. A particle of mass m carrying charge q1 is revolving around a fixed charge –q2 in a circular path of
radius r. Calculate the period of revolution and its speed also.

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Solution: qq
F = 1 1 2 2 = mr~2 = 4r mr
2

4rf0 r T2
^4rf0h r 2 ^4r2 mr h rf0 mr
T2 = or, T = 4rr
q1 q2 q1 q2

and also we can say that

q1 q2 2 = mv & v = q1 q2
2

4rf0 r r 4rf0 mr

Illustration 5. Two equal positive point charges Q are placed at points A( a, 0) and B(–a, 0). Another test charge q0
is also placed at O (0, 0). Show that the equilibrium at O is
(i) stable for displacement along X-axis.
(ii) unstable for displacement along Y-axis.
Solution: y
KQq0
(i) Initially F AO + FBO = 0 & F AO + FBO =
a2
When charge is slightly shifted towards + x axis by a small distance Q FBO q0 FAO Q

Dx, then, F AO 1 F BO A O B x
y
Therefore the particle will move towards origin
(its original position) hence the equilibrium is stable. Q FBO q0 F AO Q
A O B x
(ii) When charge is shifted along y axis: Dx

After resolving components net force will be along y axis so the F

particle will not return to its original position so it is unstable q q

equilibrium. Finally the charge will move to infinity. q0

Q Q
A

Illustration 6. Two point charges of charge q1 and q2 (both of same sign) and each of mass m are placed such that
gravitation attraction between them balances the electrostatic repulsion. Are they in stable equilib-
rium? If not then what is the nature of equilibrium?
Solution: Kq1 q2
= Gm2
2
In given example,
r 2
r
We can see that irrespective of distance between them charges will remain in equilibrium. If now
distance is increased or decreased then there is no effect in their equilibrium. Therefore it is a neutral
equilibrium.
Illustration 7. Two equally charged identical metal sphere A and B repel each other with a force 2 × 10–5 N . Another
identical uncharged sphere C is touched to B and then placed at the mid point between A and B.
What is the net electric force on C ?
Solution: Let initially the charge on each sphere be q and separation between their r
A B
centres be r; then according to given problem q q
1 q×q
= 2 × 10-5 N
4 πe0 r 2
When sphere C touches B, the charge of B, q will distribute equally on B and C as sphere are identi-
cal conductors, i.e., now charges on spheres; qB = qC = (q/2)

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 7 Electrostatics

So sphere C will experience a force r/2 r/2

A C B
q (q/2)
FCA = 1 = 2F along AB due to charge on A q q/2 q/2
4rf0 (r/2) 2
(q/2) (q/2)
and, FCB = 1 = F along BA due to charge on B.
4rf0 (r/2) 2

So the net force FC on C due to charges on A and B,

FC = FCA – FCB = 2F – F = 2×× 10–5 N along AB .
Illustration 8. Five point charges, each of value q are placed on five vertices of a regular hexagon of side L. What
is the magnitude of the force on a point charge of value –q coulomb placed at the centre of the hexagon?
Solution: Method - I: If there had been a sixth charge +q at the remaining vertex of hexagon force due to all
the six charges on –q at O would be zero (as the forces due to individual charges will balance each
other), i.e., FR = 0
L
Now if f is the force due to sixth charge and F due to remaining five charges.
qE D
q
F + f = 0 i.e. F =- f
O q
F C
1 q×q 1 q2 -q
or F = f = =
4 πe0 L2 4 πe 0 L2 q
q
A B
Method : II
In the diagram we can see that force due to charge A and D are opposite to
each other.
F DO + F AO = 0 ... (i)
Similarly F BO + F EO = 0 (ii)
So F AO + F BO + F CO + F DO + F EO = F Net
q2
U sin g (i) and (ii) F Net = F CO = 1 along CO.
4rf0 L2

Illustration 9. Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal length. Each string makes an angle q
with the vertical. When suspended in a liquid of density s = 0.8 gm/cc, the angle remains the same.
What is the dielectric constant of the liquid? (Density of the material of sphere is 1.6 gm/cc.)
Solution: Initially as the forces acting on each ball are tension T, weight mg and
electric force F, for its equilibrium along vertical, q
T T
q
T cosq = mg ...(i) F F
and along horizontal,
mg mg
T sinq = F ...(ii)
Dividing Eqn. (ii) by (i), we have,
tan i = F ...(iii)
mg

When the balls are suspended in a liquid of density s and dielectric constant K, the electric force will
become (1/K) times, i.e., F’ = (F/K) while weight
mg’ = mg – FB = mg – Vsg [as FB = Vsg, where s is density of material of sphere]
i.e., mg' = mg 81 - v B 8as V = m B
t t

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So for equilibrium of ball,

tan i' = F' = F
Kmg 61 - ^v/th@
... (iv)
mg'

According to given information q’ = q; so from equations (iv) and (iii), we have

t 1.6
K= = =2
^t - v h ^1.6 - 0.8 h

Illustration 10. A particle of mass m and charge q is located midway between two fixed charged particles each having
a charge q and a distance 2l apart. Prove that the motion of the particle will be SHM if it is displaced
slightly along the line connecting them and released. Also find its time period.
Solution: Let the charge q at the mid-point the displaced slightly to the left. The B
x
A
q q q
force on the displaced charge q due to charge q at A,
q 2
F1 = 1
2l

4rf0 ^k + x h2
The force on the displaced charge q due to charge at B,
q2
F2 = 1
4rf0 ^l - x h2
Net force on the displaced charge q.
q2 q2
F = F2 - F1 or F = 1 - 1
4rf0 ^l - x h2 4rf0 ^l + x h2

; E
or, q 2
1 1 q2 4lx
F= - =
4rf0 ^l - x h2 ^k + x h2 4rf0 ^l 2 - x 2h2

Since l >> x, ` F = q lx4 or F = q x 3

2 2

rf0 l rf0 l

We see that F \ x and it is opposite to the direction of displacement. Therefore, the motion is SHM.
q2 mrf0 l 3
T = 2r m , here k = 3 = 2r
k rf0 l q2
Illustration 11. A thin straight rod of length l carrying a uniformly distributed charge q is Q

located in vacuum. Find the magnitude of the electric force on a point charge l a

Q kept as shown in the figure.

Solution: As the charge on the rod is not point charge, therefore,first we have to find dy
y
force on charge Q due to charge over a very small part on the length of the Q

rod. This part called element of length dy can be considered as point charge. l a
q
Charge on element dq = mdy = dy
l
KdqQ KQqdy
Electric force on Q due to element = =
y2 y2 l

All forces are along the same direction

` F = / dF This sum can be calculated using integration, therefore
a+l

;-1 E =
l ;a
- 1 E=
KQqdy KqQ KQq 1 KQq
#
a+l
F= =
y-a
yl
2
l y a a+l a^a + l h

Note : If a >> l then behaviour of the rod is just like a point charge.

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 9 Electrostatics

ABHYAAS - I
LEVEL - 0
Q-1 An electron is moving round the nucleus of a hydrogen atom in a circular orbit of radius r. The coulomb
 1
force F between the two is (Where K = )
4 πe0
e2 e2 e2 e2
(A) −K 3 ˆr (B) K 3 ˆr (C) −K 3 ˆr (D) K 2 ˆr
r r r r
Q-2 Two point charges +2C and +6C repel each other with a force of 12 Newton’s. If a charge of – 4C is

given to each of these charges the force now is

(A) Zero (B) 4 N (attractive) (C) 12 N (attractive) (D) 8 N (repulsive)

Q-3 One metallic sphere A is given positive charge where as another identical metallic sphere B of exactly same

mass as of A is given equal amount of negative charge. Then

(A) Mass of A and mass of B still remain equal (B) Mass of A increases

(C) Mass of B decreases (D) Mass of B increases

Q-4 When 1019 electrons are removed from a neutral metal plate, the electric charge on it is

(A) – 1.6 C (B) + 1.6 C (C) 10+19 C (D) 10–19 C

Q-5 When air is replaced by a dielectric medium of constant k, the maximum force of attraction between two

charges separated by a distance

(A) Decreases k times (B) Remains unchanged

(C) Increases k times (D) Increases k–1 times

Q-6 A body can be negatively charged by

(A) Giving excess of electrons to it (B) Removing some electrons from it

(C) Giving some protons to it (D) Removing some neutrons from it

Q-7
Three equal charges are placed on the three corners of a square. If the force between Q1 and Q2 is F12 and
F
that between Q1 and Q3 is F13, then the ratio of magnitudes 12
F13
(A) 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 1 2 (D) 2
Q-8 A glass rod rubbed with silk is used to charge a gold leaf electroscope then charged electroscope is exposed
to X-rays for a short period. Then
(A) The divergence of leaves will not be affected (B) The leaves will diverge further
(C) The leaves will collapse (D) The leaves will melt
Q-9 Three charges – q1, + q2 and – q3 are placed as shown in the figure. The X-component of the force on–q1

is proportional to
– q3 Y

(A) q2 / b2 – (q3 / a2) sinθ

(B) q2 / b2 – (q3 / a2) cosθ q
a
b
(C) q2 / b2 + (q3 / a2) sinθ – q1 +q2
X

(D) q2 / b2 + (q3 / a2) cosθ

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Q-10 Two particle of equal mass m and charge q are placed at a distance of 16 cm. They do not experience
q
any force. The value of is
m
πe0 G
(A) 4πε0G (B) (C) (D) 4 πe0 G
G 4πe 0

Q-11 Electric charges of 1 µC, – 1 µC and 2 µC are placed in air at the corners A, B and C respectively of an
equilateral triangle ABC having length of each side 10 cm. The resultant force on the charge at C is
 m0 −7 −1 
 4 π = 10 Hm 
 
(A) 0.9 N (B) 1.8 N (C) 2.7 N (D) 3.6 N

Q-12 Two copper balls, each weighing 10 g are kept in air 10 cm apart. If one electron from every 106

atoms is transferred from one ball to the other, the coulomb force between them is (atomic weight

of copper is 63.5)

(A) 2.0 × 1010 N (B) 2.0 × 104 N (C) 2.0 × 107 N (D) 2.0 × 106 N

Q-13 Two point charges are kept separated by 4 cm of air and 6 cm of a dielectric of relative permittivity 4.

The equivalent dielectric separation between them so far their coulombian interaction is conserved is

(A) 10 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 5 cm (D) 16 cm

Q-14 Two spheres A and B of gold (each of mass 1 kg.) are hung from two pans of a sensitive physical balance.

If A is given 1 Faraday of positive charge and B is given 1 F of negative charge, then to balance the balance

we have to put a weight of (1F = 96500 C)

(A) 0.6 µ g on the pan of A (B) 0.6 µ g on the pan of B

(C) 1.01 milligram on the pan of A (D) 1.2 milligram on the pan of B

Q-15 The charge on 500 cc of water due to protons will be

(A) 6.0 × 1027 C (B) 2.67 × 107 C (C) 6 × 1023 C (D) 1.67 × 1023 C

Q-16 Two point charges placed at a distances of 20 cm in air repel each other with a certain force. When a
dielectric slab of thickness 8 cm and dielectric constant K is introduced between these point charges, force
of interaction becomes half of it’s previous value. Then K is approximately
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) √2 (D) 1

Q-17 The ratio of electric force (Fe) to gravitational force acting between two electrons will be:
(A) 1 × 1036 (B) 2 × 1039 (C) 6 × 1045 (D) 4 × 1042

Q-18 Fg and Fe represent the gravitational and electrostatic force respectively between two electrons
situated at some distance. The ratio of Fg to Fe is of the order of -
(A) 1036 (B) 101 (C) 10º (D) 10–43
Q-19 One quantum of charge should be at least be equal to the charge in coloumb:
(A) 1.6 × 10–17 C. (B) 1.6 × 10–19 C. (C) 1.6 × 10–10 C. (D). 4.8 × 10–10 C.

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 11 Electrostatics
Q-20 The unit of charge is coulomb in SI system and esu of charge (or stat coul) in C.G.S. system 1
coloumb equals
(A) 3 × 109 esu (B) (1/3 × 109)esu (C) (1/3 × 108) esu (D) (9 × 109) esu

Q-21 The relative strengths of gravitational, electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces are-
(A) 1 : 1039 : 1036 (B) 1 : 1036 : 1039 (C) 1 : 10-26 : 10-39 (D) 1 : 10-39 : 10-36

Q-22 An electron at rest has a charge of 1.6 × 10–19 C. It starts moving with a velocity v = c/2, where c is the
speed of light, then the new charge on it is -
2
(A) 1.6 × 10–19 Coulomb (B) 1.6 × 10–19  1 Coulomb
1−  
2

2
1.6 × 10−19
2
(C) 1.6 × 10–19   − 1 Coulomb (D)  1
2 Coulomb
 1 1−  
2
Q-23 If a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it acquires a positive charge because -
(A) Protons are added to it. (B) Protons are removed from it.
(C) Electrons are added to it. (D) Electrons are removed from it.

Q-24 Which one of the following is the unit of electric charge ?

(A) Coulomb (B) Newton (C) Volt (D) Coulomb/Volt

Q-25 An accelerated or deaccelerated charge produces-

(A) Electric field only (B) Magnetic field only
(C) Localised electric and magnetic fields (D) Electric and magnetic fields that are radiated

Q-26 Which one of the following statement regarding electrostatics is wrong ?

(A) Charge is quantized
(B) Charge is conserved
(C) There is an electric field near an isolated charge at rest
(D) A stationary charge produces both electric and magnetic fields

Q-27 The dielectric constant for water is -

(A) 1 (B) 40 (C) 81 (D) 0.3
1
Q-28 In M.K.S. System, equals -
4π ∈0
(A) 9 × 109 N-m2/C2 (B) 1 N-m2/C2
(C) 1 dyne - cm2 / stat C2 (D) 9 × 109 dyne x cm2 / stat C2

Q-29
A stationary electric charge produces-
(A) Only electric fields (B) Only magnetic field
(C) Both electric as magnetic field (D) Neither electric Nor magnetic field

Q-30
Charges reside on the -
(A) Outer surface of the charged conductor
(B) Inner surface of the charged conductor
(C) Inner as well as outer surface of the charged conductor
(D) None of the above

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Q-31 An isolated solid metallic sphere is chargrd with +Q charge .The distribution of their +Q charge
on the sphere will be
(A) uniform but on the surface alone (B) non uniform but on the surface alone
(C) uniform inside the volume (D) non uniform inside the volume

Q-32 Two similar charge of +Q , as shown in figure are placed at A and B. –q charge is placed at point
C midway between A and B. –q charge will oscillate if
(A) It is moved towards A.
(B) It is moved towards B.
(C) It is moved upwards AB.
(D) Distance between A and B is reduced.

Q-33 When the distance between two charged particle is halved, the force between them becomes -
(A) One fourth (B) One half (C) Double (D) Four times

Q-34 The force between two point charges in vacuum is 15N, if a brass plate is introduced between the
two charges, then force between them will-
(A) Becomes zero (B) Remains the same
(C) Becomes 30 N (D) Becomes 60 N

Q-35 The force between an a-particle and an electron separated by a distance of 1 Å is -

(A) 2.3 × 10–8 N attractive (B) 2.3 × 10–8 N Repulsive
(C) 4.6 × 10–8 N attractive (D) 4.6 × 10–8 repulsive

Q-36 Two charges are at distance (d) apart in air. Coulomb force between them is F. If a dielectric material
of dielectric constant (K) is placed between them, the coulomb force now becomes.
(A) F/K (B) FK (C) F/K2 (D) K2F
Q-37 Two point charges in air at a distance of 20 cm. from each other interact with a certain force. At what
distance from each other should these charges be placed in oil of relative permittivity 5 to obtain the
same force of interaction –
(A) 8.94 × 10–2 m (B) 0.894 × 10–2 m (C) 89.4 × 10–2 m (D) 8.94 × 102 m
Q-38 A certain charge Q is divided at first into two parts, (q) and (Q-q). Later on the charges are placed
at a certain distance. If the force of interaction between the two charges is maximum then-
(A) (Q/q) = (4/1) (B) (Q/q) = (2/1) (C)(Q/q) = (3/1) (D) (Q/q) = (5/1)

Q-39 A unit charge is one which when placed in vacuum one cm from an equal charge of the same kind
will repel it with a force of-
(A) 1 Newton (B) 1 dyne (C) 2 dyne (D) 4 dyne

Q-40 The permittivity ∈o of vacuum is 8.86 x 10-12 C2/N-m2 and the dielectric constant of water is 81. The
permittivity of water in C2/N-m2 is-
(A) 81 × 8.86 × 10–12 (B) 8.86 × 10–12

(C) (8.86 × 10–12)/ 81 (D) 81/(8.86 × 10–12)

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 13 Electrostatics
Q-41 The force between two point charges placed in vacuum at distance 1 mm is 18 N. If a glass plate of
thickness 1 mm and dielectric constant 6, be kept between the charges then new force between them
would be-
(A) 18 N (B) 108 N (C) 3 N (D) 3 × 10–6 N
Q-42 Two similar and equal charges repel each other with force of 1.6 N, when placed 3m apart. Strength
of each charge is-
(A) 40 µC (B) 20µC (C) 4µC (D) 2µC
Q-43 There are two charges +1 micro-coulomb and +5 micro-coulomb, the ratio of force on them will be–
(A) 1043 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 10º (D) 10-43

Q-44 A charge Q is divided in two parts Q1 and Q2 and these charges are placed at distance R. there will
be maximum repulsion between them, when-
(A) Q2 = ( Q/R), Q1 = Q – (Q/R) (B) Q2 = (Q/3), Q1 = (2Q/3)
(C) Q2 = (Q/4), Q1 = (3Q/4) (D) Q1 = Q2 = Q/2

Q-45 The three charges each of 5 × 10–6 coloumb are placed at vertex of an equilateral triangle of side
10cm. The force exerted on the charge of 1 µ C placed at centre of triangle in newton will be
(A) 13.5 (B) zero (C) 4.5 (D) 6.75

Q-46 A point charge q1 exerts a force F upon another charge q2. If one other charge q3 be placed quite
near to charge q2, then the froce that charge q1 exerts on the charge q2 will be
(A) F (B) >F (C) < F (D) zero

Q-47 A mass particle (mass = m and charge = q) is placed bewteen two point charges of charge q
separtion between these two charge is 2L. The frequency of oscillation of mass particle, if it is
displaced for a small distance along the line joining the charges–
q 1 q 4 q 1 q 1
(A) (B) 3 (C) (D)
2π mπe0 L3 2π mπe0 L 2π 4mπe0 L3
2π 16 πe0 mL3

Q-48 Two small balls having equal positive charge Q (Coulomb) on each are suspended by two insulating
strings of equal length ‘L’ metre, from a hook fixed to a stand. The whole set up is taken in a satellite
in to space where there is no gravity (state of weight lessness) Then the angle (θ) between the two
strings is -
(A) 0º (B) 90º (C) 180º (D) 0º < θ < 180º
Q-49 ABC is a right angle triangle AB=3cm, BC=4cm charges + 15, +12, -12 esu are placed at A, B and
C respectively. The magnitude of the force experienced by the charge at B in dyne is-
(A) 125 (B) 35 (C) 22 (D) 0
Q-50 Equal charges of each 2µC are placed at a point x = 0, 2, 4, and 8 cm on the x-axis. The force
experienced by the charge at x=2 cm is equal to -
(A) 5 Newton (B) 10 Newton (C) 0 Newton (D) 15 Newton
Q-51 Three equal charges (q) are placed at corners of a equilateral triangle. The force on any charge is-

Kq 2 Kq 2 Kq 2
(A) Zero (B) 3 (C) (D) 3 3
a2 3a 2 a2

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Q-52 Two identical charges of charge (q) and placed at (-a,0) and (a, 0). Same nature charge particle is
placed at origin. It executes S.H.M. If it is displaced -
(A) In x-direction (B) In y-direction
(C) at an angle of 45º from the x-axis (D)along perpendicular to the plane.

Q-53 Two equal negative charge (-q) are fixed at the points (0, a) and (0, –a) on the y-axis. A positive
charge (Q) is released from rest at the point (2a, 0) on the x-axis. The charge Q will -
(A) execute simple harmonic motion about the origin.
(B) move to the origin and remains at rest
(C) move to infinity
(D) execute oscillatory but not simple harmonic motion

Q-54 Five point charges, each of value +q coulomb, are placed on five vertices of a regular hexagon of
side L metre. The magnitude of the force on a point charge of value -q coul. placed at the centre of
the hexagon is -
kq 2 kq 2 kq 2
(A) 2 (B) 5 2 (C) 3 2 (D) Zero
L L L

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 15 Electrostatics
ABHYAAS - I
LEVEL - I
Q-1 Charge conservation is always valid. Is it true for mass? [Ans: No]

Q-2 Defend this statement: “If there were only one electrically charged particle in the entire universe, the
concept of electric charge would be meaningless.” [Univ.Physics]
Q-3 Would it have made any important difference if Benjamin Franklin had chosen, in effect, to call electrons
positive and protons negative. [Univ.Physics]
Q-4 What are the differences between charging by induction and charging by conduction?

Q-5 You are given two metal spheres mounted on portable insulating supports. Find a way to give them
equal and opposite charges. You may use a glass rod rubbed with silk but may not touch it to the
spheres. Do the spheres have to be equal size for your method of work? [RHK]
Q-6 In above question, find a way to give the spheres equal charges of the same sign. Again, do the spheres
have to be equal size for your method of work? [RHK]
Q-7 If a charged rod is held near one end of an insulated uncharged metal rod as in figure, electrons are drawn
to one end, as shown. Why does the flow of electrons cease? After all, there is an almost inexhaustible
supply of them in the metal rod. [RHK]

Metal
Glass rod

Insulating
support

Q-8 (a) A positively charged glass rod attracts a suspended object. Can we conclude that the object is negatively
charged?
(b) A positively charged glass rod repels a suspended object. Can we conclude that the object is positively
charged?
Q-9 Does the plastic rod weigh more,less, or the same after rubbing it with fur?

Q-10 You have two lightweight metal spheres, each hanging from an insulating nylon thread. One of the
spheres has a net negative charge, while the other sphere has no net charge.
(a) If the spheres are close together but do not touch, will they
(i) attract each other, (ii) repel each other, or (iii) exert no force on each other?
(b) You now allow the two spheres to touch. Once they have touched, will the two spheres
(i) attract each other, (ii) repel each other, or (iii) exert no force on each other?
Q-11 You have a negatively charged object.
(a) How can you use it to place a net negative charge on an insulated metal sphere?
(b) To place a net positive charge on the sphere?
Q-12 Two small plastic spheres are given positive electrical charges. When they are 15.0 cm apart, the
repulsive force between them has magnitude 0.220 N. What is the charge on each sphere
(a) if the two charges are equal and
(b) if one sphere has four times the charge of the other?
Q-13 When two point charges of equal mass and charge are released on a frictionless table, each has an
initial acceleration a0. If instead you keep one fixed and release the other one, what will be its initial
acceleration: a0. 2a0. or a0/2? Explain.

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Q-14 A point charge of mass m and charge Q and another point charge of mass m but charge 2Q are released
on a frictionless table. If the charge Q has an initial acceleration a0, what will be the acceleration of 2Q:
a0, 2a0, 4a0, a0/2, or a0/4? Explain.

Q-15 Explain what is meant by the statement that electrostatic forces obey the principle of superposition.
[RHK]
Q-16 Three point charges are arranged on a line. Charge q3 = + 5 nC and is at the origin. Charge q2 = - 3
nC and is at x = +4 cm. Charge q1, is at x = +2 cm. What is q1, (magnitude and sign) if the net force
on q3, is zero?
Q-17 Two point charges q1 = 20mC and q2 = 25mC are placed at (–1, 1, 1) m and (3, 1, –2)m, with respect to
some coordinate axes. Find magnitude and unit vector along force on q2?
Q-18 What is the percentage change in distance if the force of attraction between two point charges increases
to 4 times keeping magnitude of charges constant?
Q-19 Ten positively charged particles are kept fixed on the x-axis at points x = 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, ...,
100 cm. The first particle has a charge 1.0 x10–8 C, the second 8 x 10–8 C, the third 27 x 10–8 C and
so on. Find the magnitude of the electric force acting on a 1 C charge placed at the origin.
Q-20 (i) Two charged particles having charge 2.0 x 10–8 C and mass 1.8 x 10–6 Kg each are joined by an
insulating string of length 1 m and the system is kept on a smooth horizontal table. Find the tension
in the string.
(ii) If suddenly string is cut then what is the acceleration of each block?
(iii) Are they having equal acceleration?
Q-21 (i) A charge q0 is placed at the centre of a regular pentagon having equal charges q at its corners.
Find the force on q0? (Assume a = distance from centre to corner for pentagon)
(ii) If charge of one of the corners is removed then find out magnitude of force acting on q0?
(iii) If two adjacent charges are removed from corners then find out magnitude of force acting on q0?
Q-22 The distance between two fixed positive charges 4e and e is l . How should a third charge ‘q’ be arranged
for it to be in equilibrium? Under what condition will equilibrium of the charge ‘q’ be stable (for displacement
on the line joining 4e and e) or will it be unstable?
Q-23 Two particles A and B, each having a charge Q are placed a distance d apart. Where should a particle
of charge q be placed on the perpendicular bisector of AB so that it experiences maximum force?
What is the magnitude of the maximum force?
Q-24 A positive point charge q is placed on the +y-axis is at y = a, and a negative point charge q is placed
on the -y-axis at y = -a. A negative point charge - Q is located at some point on the + x-axis.
(a) In a free-body diagram, show the forces that act on the charge -Q.
(b) Find the x- and y-components of the net force that the two charges q and -q exert on -Q. (Your
answer should involve only k, q, Q, a and the coordinate x of the third charge.)
(c) What is the net force on the charge -Q when it is at the origin (x = O)?
(d) Graph the y-component of the net force on the charge - Q as a function of x for values of x between
-4a and +4a. [Univ.Physics]
Q-25 Two charges of Q each are placed at two opposite corners of a square. A charge q is placed at each of
the other two corners.
(a) If the resultant force on Q is zero, how are Q and q related ?
(b) Could q be chosen to make the resultant force on each charge zero ?
Q-26 Five balls, numbered 1 to 5, are suspended using separate threads. Pairs (1, 2), (2, 4), (4, 1) show
electrostatic attraction, while pairs (2, 3) and (4, 5) show repulsion, therefore ball 1 must be:
(A) Positively charged (B) Negatively charged
(C) Neutral (D) Made of metal

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 17 Electrostatics

Q-27 Select the correct alternative :

(A) The charge gained by the uncharged body from a charged body due to conduction is equal to half of
the total charge initially present.
(B) The magnitude of charge increases with the increase in velocity of charge
(C) Charge can not exist without matter although matter can exist without charge
(D) Repulsion is the true test of electrification (electrification means body has net charge)
Q-28 Mark out the correct option.
(A) The total charge of the universe is constant.
(B) The total positive charge of the universe is constant.
(C) The total negative charge of the universe is constant
(D) The total number of charged particles in the universe is constant.
Q-29 A point charge Q1 exerts some force on a second point charge Q2. If a 3rd point charge Q3 is brought
near, the force of Q1 exerted on Q2(Without changing their respective positions):
(A) Will increase
(B) Will decrease
(C) Will remain unchanged
(D) Will increase if Q3 is of the same sign as Q1 and will decrease if Q3 is of opposite sign.

Q-30 Three charge +4q, Q and q are placed in a straight line of length 1 at points distance 0, 1/2 and 1
respectively. What should be the value of Q in order to make the net force on q to be zero?
(A) –q (B) –2q (C) –q/2 (D) 4q

Q-31 Two small balls having equal positive charge Q (coulomb) on each are suspended by two insulating
strings of equal length L, from a hook fixed to a stand. If the whole set up is taken in a satellite then
the angle θ between the two strings is : (in equillibrium)
(A) Oº (B) 90º (C) 180º (D) 0º < θ <180º

Q-32 In above question the tension in each string is :

1 Q2 1 Q2 1 Q2
(A) 0 (B) . (C) . (D) .
4 πe0 L2 4 πe0 2L2 4 πe0 4L2

Q-33 Two point charges of the same magnitude and opposite sign are fixed at points A and B. A third point
charge is to be balanced at point P by the electrostatic force due to these two charges. The point P:
(A) lies on the perpendicular bisector of line AB
(B) is at the mid point of line AB
(C) lies to the left of A (D) none of these.
Q-34 The electric force on 2 µ c charge placed at the centre O of two equilateral triangles each of side 10
cm, as shown in figure is P. If charge A, B, C, D, E & F are 2 µ C, 2 µ C, 2 µ C, -2 µ C, - 2 µ C, - 2 µ C
respectively, then force acting on P is :
(A) 21.6 N
(B) 64.8 N
(C) 0
(D) 43.2 N

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Q-35 Two point charges q1 = 20µC and q2 = 25µC are placed at (–1, 1, 1) m and (3, 1, –2)m, with
respect to some coordinate axes. Find magnitude and unit vector along force on q2?
Q-36 What is the percentage change in distance if the force of attraction between two point charges
increases to 4 times keeping magnitude of charges constant?
Q-37 Ten positively charged particles are kept fixed on the X-axis at points x = 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, .....,
100 cm. The first particle has a charge 1.0 × 1.0–8 C, the second 8 × 10–8 C, the third 27 × 10–8 C
and so on. Find the magnitude of the electric force acting on a 1 C charge placed at the origin.
Q-38 (i) Two charged particles having charge 2.0 × 10–8 C and mass 1.8 × 10–6 Kg each are joined by an
insulating string of length 1 m and the system is kept on a smooth horizontal table.
Find the tension in the string.
(ii) If suddenly string is cut then what is the acceleration of each block?
(iii) Are they having equal acceleration?
Q-39 (i) A charge q0 is placed at the centre of a regular pentagon having equal charges q at its corners.
Find the force on q0? (Assume a = distance from centre to corner for pentagon)
(ii) If charge of one of the corners is removed then find out magnitude of force acting on q0 ?
(iii) If two adjacent charges are removed from corners then find out magnitude of force acting on q0?
Q-40 The distance between two fixed positive charges 4e and e is l. How should a third charge ‘q’ be
arranged for it to be in equilibrium? Under what condition will equilibrium of the charge ‘q’ be
stable (for displacement on the line joining 4e and e) or will it be unstable?
Q-41 Two particles A and B, each having a charge Q are placed a distance d apart. Where should a
particle of charge q be placed on the perpendicular bisector of AB so that it experiences maximum
force? What is the magnitude of the maximum force?

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 19 Electrostatics

ABHYAAS - I
LEVEL - II
Q-1 A cube is given with eight point charges q on each of its vertices. Calculate the force exerted on
any of the charges due to rest of the seven charges.

Q-2 Two particles, each of mass of 5 gm and charged with charge 1.0 x 10–7 C each stay in equilibrium
at the verge of sliding on a horizontal table with a separation of 10 cm between them. The coefficient
of friction m between each particle and the table is the same. Find m .
Q-3 Two particles A and B having charges q and 2q respectively are placed on a smooth table at
separation d. A third particle C is to be clamped on the table in such a way that the particles
A and B will be in equilibrium on the table under electrical forces only What should be the charge
on C and where should it be clamped for this ?

Q-4 Three charges of magnitudes 5.0 x 10–7 C, – 2.5 x 10–7 C and 1.0 x 10–7 C are fixed at the three
corners A, B and C of an equilateral triangle of side 5.0 cm. Find the electric force on the charge
at vertex C due to the rest two.

Q-5 A particle A having with a charge q = 5 x 10–7 C is clamped in a vertical wall. A small ball B of
mass 100 g and having equal charge is suspended by an insulating thread of length 30 cm from
the wall. The point of suspension is 30 cm above the particle A as shown in figure. Find the angle
q which the thread makes with the wall in equilibrium. Take g = 10 m/s2.

Q-6 Ten charged particles are kept fled clamped on the X axis at points x = 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, ... 100
cm. The first particle has a charge 10–8C, the second 8 x 10–8C, the third 27 x 10–8C and so on.
The tenth particle has a charge 100 x 10–8C. Find the magnitude of electric force acting on a 1 C
charge placed at the origin.

Q-7  
Two positive charges .q1 and q2 are located at the points with position vectors r1 and r2 . Find the

magnitude of a negative charge q3 and the position vector r3 of the point at which it is to be placed
for the force acting on each of the three charges to be equal to zero.
Q-8 Three small balls, each of mass 10 gm are suspended separately from common point by silk threads,
each one meter long. The balls are identically charged and hang at the corners of an equilateral
triangle of side 0.1 metre. Find the charge on each ball ?

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Q-9 Two identically charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal length. The strings make an angle
of 30° with each other. When suspended in a liquid of density 0.8 gm/cm3 the angle remains same.
What is the dielectric constant of liquid. Density of sphere = 1.6 gm/cm3.

Q-10 A ring of radius R with a uniformly distributed charge q as shown in figure. A charge q0 is now
placed at the centre of the ring. Find the increment in the tension in ring.

Q-11 Four small particles charged with equal positive charges Q each are arranged at the four corners
of a horizontal square of side a. A unit positive charge mass m is placed at a point P, at a height h
above the centre of the square. What should be the magnitude of charge Q in order that the unit
charge remain in equilibrium.

Q-12 Two small particles charged with equal positive charges Q each, are fixed apart at a distance 2a.
Another small particle having a charge q lies midway between the fixed charges. Show that
(i) For small displacement (relative to a) along line joining the fixed charges, the middle charge
executes SHM if it is +ve and

(ii) For small lateral displacement, it executes SHM if it is –ve.

(iii) Compare the frequencies of oscillation in the two cases.

Q-13 Two identical small non conducting balls are charged by rubbing against each other. They are
suspended from ceiling rod through two strings of length L= 20 cm each. The separation between
the suspension points being d = 5 cm. In equilibrium the separation between the balls is r = 3
cm. Find the mass m of each ball and the tension in the strings. The charge on each ball has
magnitude 2 x 10–8 C.
Q-14 Two positively charged small particles, each of mass 1.7 x 10–27 kg and carrying a charge
of 1.6 x 10–19 C are placed apart at a separation r. If each one experiences a repulsive force equal
to its weight, find their separation.

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 21 Electrostatics

Q-15 Two free particles carrying charges +q and + 4q are placed apart at a distance l.
Find the magnitude, sign and location of a third charge which makes the system in equilibrium.

Q-16 A charge Q is to be divided on two small objects. What should be the value of the charges on the
objects so that the force between the objects will be maximum.

Q-17 Three charges q1, q2 and q3 are shown in figure. Determine the net force acting on charge q1.
The charges and separation are given as q1= – 1.0 x 10–6 C, q2 = + 3.0 x 10–6 C, and
q3 = – 2.0 x 10–6 C, r12 = 15 cm, r13 = 10 cm and q = 30°.

Q-18 Three Charges of magnitude 100mC are placed at the corners A, B and C of an equilateral triangle
of side 4m. If the charge at A and C are positive and the one at point B is negative, what is the
magnitude and direction of total force acting on charge at C?

Q-19 Two negative charges of unit magnitude and a positive charge q are placed along a straight line.
At what position and for what value of q will the system be in equilibrium ? Check whether it is
stable, unstable or neutral equilibrium.
Q-20 A charge Q is placed at each of two opposite corners of a square and a charge – q is placed at each
of the remaining two corners. If the resultant force on Q is zero, how are Q and q related.

Q-21 Two balls of the same radius and weight are suspended on threads so that their surface are in contact.
A charge of q 0= 4 × 10 −7 C is given to the balls which makes them repel each other and diverge
to an angle of 60°. Find the mass of the balls if the distance of balls from the point of suspension
to the centre of ball is 20 cm. Find the density of the material of the balls if the angle of divergence
becomes 54° when the balls are immersed in kerosene of density 800kg m −3 , dielectric constant
of kerosene is e r =2 .

Q-22 Two equal positive point charges are separated by a distance 2a. A point test charge is located
in a plane which is normal to the line joining these charges and midway between them.
(a) Calculate the radius r of the circle of symmetry in this plane for which the force on the
test charge has a maximum value.
(b) What is the direction of this force, assuming a positive test charge ?

Q-23 A positive point charge 50mC is located in the plane xy at the position vector r= 2iˆ + 3ˆj, where
0

î and ĵ are the unit vectors of the x and y axis. Find the vector of the electric field strength E and
  
its magnitude at the point with radius vector = r 8iˆ − 5ˆj . Here r , and r are expressed in meter.
0

Q-24 Four point charges, each of charge +q, are rigidly fixed at the four corners of a square planar soap
film of side ‘a’ . The surface tension of the soap film is s . If the he system of charges and planar
1N
 2
film are in equilibrium, then side of square is given as a = k  q  ,,
s
find the values of k and N.

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Q-25 Two identical beads each having a mass m and charge q. When placed in a hemispherical bowl
of radius R with frictionless, non-conducting walls, the beads move, and at equilibrium they are a
distance R apart (figure). Determine the charge on each bead.

(Dig)

ANSWERS
LEVEL - 0
Q-1 (C) Q-2 (B) Q-3 (D) Q-4 (B) Q-5 (A) Q-6 (A) Q-7 (B)
Q-8 (C) Q-9 (C) Q-10 (D) Q-11 (B) Q-12 (C) Q-13 (B) Q-14 (C)
Q-15 (B) Q-16 (B) Q-17 (D) Q-18 (D) Q-19 (B) Q-20 (A) Q-21 (B)
Q-22 (A) Q-23 (D) Q-24 (A) Q-25 (D) Q-26 (D) Q-27 (C) Q-28 (A)
Q-29 (A) Q-30 (A) Q-31 (A) Q-32 (C) Q-33 (D) Q-34 (A) Q-35 (C)
Q-36 (A) Q-37 (A) Q-38 (B) Q-39 (B) Q-40 (A) Q-41 (C) Q-42 (A)
Q-43 (B) Q-44 (D) Q-45 (B) Q-46 (A) Q-47 (A) Q-48 (C) Q-49 (C)
Q-50 (B) Q-51 (B) Q-52 (A) Q-53 (D) Q-54 (A)

ANSWERS
LEVEL - I
Q-1 No

Q-2 A charge interact with another charge, if there is only one charge, interaction will not happen.

Q-3 Yes, to some extent. Current direction will be same as direction of flow of electrons.
Q-4 In induction, no actual charge transfer takes place between one body to another; while in conduction
actual charge transfer happens
Q-5 Given two metal spheres are placed in such a way that the surfaces of the two touch. Keeping rod in
position the other sphere is separated from the first sphere. Then rod is removed completely. No, size
does not matter.
Q-6 Glass rod is brought near one metal sphere. It is then earthed and placed in contact with other sphere.
Then spheres are separated from one another. They will acquire equal charges of the same sign. Yes,
sphere should be of equal size to give equal charge of same magnitude.
Q-7 Because positive charge building at one end starts attracting negative charge at the other end.
Q-8 (a) No, we can not conclude that it is negatively charged. Attraction could also be due to induced
charge.
(b) Yes.
Q-9 Plastic rod rubbed with fur acquire negative charge ie it acquire extra electrons. So it weighs more after
rubbing.
Q-10 (a) attract (b) repel

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 23 Electrostatics

Q-11 (b) Negatively charged object is brought near a metal sphere. The positive charge is attracted to the
negatively charged body at the end ‘A’ and the negative charge is repelled and collects at the end ‘B’.
The conductor is then earthed by touching the end ‘B’ with a finger. This closed path allows electrons
to flow to the earth to neutralize the charge at ‘B’. The negatively charged object is then removed after
the finger has been taken from the conductor. Now the sphere is left with a positive charge and it will
get distributed on the sphere.
Q-12 (a) 7.42 x 10-7 C on each sphere (b) 3.71 x l0-7C on one and 1.48 x 10-6C on the other

Q-13 a0
Q-14 a0

Q-15 The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems,
the net response at a given place and time caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses
which would have been caused by each stimulus individually.
Q-16 +0.750 nC

Q-17 ^4ti - 3tj h

|F| = 0.18 N, Ft =
5
Q-18 decreased to 50% of initial value.
Q-19 4.95 x 105 N
Q-20 (i) 3.6 x 10–6N (ii) 2 m/s2 (iii) No (Magnitude is same but direction is different)

Q-21 Kq0 q Kq0 q

(i) 0, (ii) , a = distance of corner from centre. (iii) 2 sin 36c
a2 a2
Q-22 2l from charge 4e ( If q is positive stable, If q is negative unstable)
3

Q-23 d4 , Qq
,
2 2 3 3 4rf0 d
2

Q-24 2KqQa 2KqQ

(a) Fx = 0 (b) Fy = (c) Fy = +y-direction
^a 2 + x 2 h3/2 a2
Q-25 (a) Q = - 2 2 q (b) No.

Q-26 (C) Q-27 (C,D) Q-28 (A) Q-29 (C) Q-30 (A)

Q-31 (C) Q-32 (D) Q-33 (D) Q-34 (D)

ˆ ˆ
Q-35 |F| = 0.18 N, F̂ = (4 i − 3 j) .
5

Q-36 Decreased to 50% of initial value.

Q-37 4.95 × 105 N

Q-38 (i) 3.6 × 10–6 N (ii) 2 m/s2 (iii) No (Magnitude is same but direction is different)

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IIT- JEE/Physics 24

Kq 0 q
Q-39 (i) 0, (ii) , a = distance of corner from centre. (iii) 2Kq 0 q sin 36º,
a2 a2

2l
Q-40 from charge 4 e (If q is positive stable, If q is negative unstable)
3
d Qq 4
Q-41 , 2
,
2 2 3 3 4 π e0 d

ANSWERS
LEVEL - II

−Kq 2  1  ˆ ˆ ˆ 
Q-1 
a 2  3 3
+
1
2
+ 1 

i + j + k 


Q-2 ( )
0.18 Q-3
2qx 2
d2


Q-4
0.156N Q-5
170 Q-6
4.95 x 107N

− q1 q 2
Q-7
( ) Q-8
6.2 x 10–8C Q-9
2
2
q1 + q 2

32
Kqq 0 4K mg  2 a 2 
Q-10
Q-11 h + 
2πR 2 h  2

 π∈0 ma 3   2 π∈0 ma 3 
Q-12 (i) 2π   ; (ii) 2π   ; (ii) 2
 qQ   qQ 

l 4q
Q-13 7.96g, 7.72 x 10–2 N , Q-14 0.117 m Q-15
3 9
Q Q
Q-16 , Q-17
2.64 N Q-18
5.625 N
2 2

Q-19 mid point, 0.25C Q-20 Q = −2 2 q Q-21 1 . 5 9 2 g , 2 5 5 9 k g / m 3

Q-22 a 2 , radial and away from the centre
13 12
 1  1   4 πe 0 mgR 2 
Q-23 4 5kV/m Q-24  1 +  , 3 Q-25
 
 4 π ∈0  2 2   3 

“We generate fears while we sit.

We overcome them by action.”

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