SUMMER INTERNSHIP

REPORT IN RWSS
UMA CHARAN PATNAIK ENGINEERING SCHOOL
YEAR 2022 TO 2023
PRESENTED BY :-

• Name- Chickun sethy

• Branch- Chemical
• REGD NO- F20012001017
• I had done my internship at Rural Water Supply &
Sanitation (RWS&S) Laboratory, Berhampur.
INTRODUCTION:-

• There are different types of water testing In this laboratory.

1. Water Demand
2. PH of water
3. Hardness of water
4. Alkalinity of water
5. Fluoride of water
WATER DEMAND

1.Domestic Water Demand (50to60%)

2.Industrial Water Demand (20to25%)
3.Institution And Commercial Water Demand (10%)
4.Demand For Public use (5%)
5.Fire Demand (5to10%)
6.Water Losses (15%)
PH OF WATER:-

• PH means presence of hydrogen(H+) ion in a substance.

• It is measure many the level of acid or alkali in a solution.
• PH 7= neutral, PH<7= Acid and PH>7 = base. The PH range is 0-14 in PH scale.
• PH 7 is only for distilled water , pH 0 is 1mol of HCL solution, PH 14 is 1mole of
NAOH.
PH METER:-
 HARDNESS OF WATER:-

• Water Hardness is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water.
• There are two types of Hardness presence in water .

1. Temporary hardness :- Temporary hardness is water hardness due to the presence of

carbonates and bicarbonates of the calcium and magnesium ion. The hardness in water can be
removed by boiling the water. Ex- Ca(HCO3)2andMg(HCO3)2.
2. Permanent Hardness:- Permanent hardness is water hardness due to presences of magnesium
and calcium are present in the form of chlorides and sulphides in water. this hardness cannot be
removed by boiling. We can remove this hardness by treating the water with washing soda.
Ex:-CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4.
ALKANITY OF WATER:-

• Alkalinity of water is a kind of water due to presence of carbonate, Hydroxide, and

Bicarbonate in water.
• There are mainly two types of meatal due to alkalinity pancence In water .
1. Alkaline metal: li (Lithium); Sodium (Na), potassium (K), Rubidium (RB), caesium
(CS).
2. Alkaline earth metals – Berilium (Be), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sn
(strontium), Barium (Ba).
FLORID TESTING OF WATER :-

• Testing the florid of water or solution “Ion Selective electrode Method”.

• Ion Meter-Orion dual star with Fluoride electrode.
• Calibrate the instrument as per the instruction manual with standards 1 mg/l, 2mg/l and
10mg/l (supplied). Then in the sample cup provided take 2ml of sample with the help of
the auto-pipette provided and add equal volume of Tisab-II. Mix well and Measure the
solution directly.
• There are two types of disease to drinking the florid water
1is dental Fluorosis, 2 is skeleton Fluorosis .
FLORID METER:-
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (EC) :-

• Electrical conductivity (EC) is defined as the measure of electric charge or heat that pass
through in water and solution.
• The SI unit of electrical conductivity is Siemens per metre (S/m).
• The drinking water conductivity is 200 to 800µS/cm.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY METER
THANK YOU
&
ANY QUESTION