PHILOSOPHY

RESUME
1. “PHYLOSOPHY IS THE MIDWIFE OF TRUTH”

Love of Wisdom

Pythagoras

Sokrates
began dialogue with irony

mayevtika “give birth of the truth”

2. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Antrophology
Axiology

Ontology
SOCRATIC METHOD
DIALECTIC METHOD
CARTESIAN METHOD 3. METHODS
METHOD OF CRITICISM
HERMENEUTIC METHOD
PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD
based on phenomenon
based on dialogue
based on critique
based on the doubt
based on the interpretation
thesis, antithesis and synthesis
 4. ANTIQUITY

COSMOS,
MATHEMATICS,
DEMOCRACY,
PHILOSOPHY,
OLYMPIC GAMES,
OLYMPIC GODS

‘IN THE BEGINNING IT WAS CHAOS’

THE ARCHÉ

ANAXYMANDER
PYTHAGORAS

DEMOCRITO
HERACLITUS
PARMENIDES
EMPEDOCLES
THALES
THE MYTH OF THE CAVE PLATO
ARISTOTLE
The soul
is eternal and immutable; Things that are in the
human soul were
in the world of ideas; purely reflections of
The knowledge natural objects.
was inside me, in my soul;
All the things we see
in the natural world
were purely reflections
of things that existed
in the higher reality of
the world of ideas.
Most people are content with a life among shadows
 5. MIDDLE AGES

SYMBO
L
GOD,
JESUS CHRIST,
FAITH,
CHRISTIANITY,
CHURCH,
RELIGION
GOOD AND EVIL
‘IN THE BEGINNING WAS LOGOS…’
‘In the beginning God created ....’
 PHILOSOPHY AND
TEOLOGY
The first period was Platonic
The Patristics
Saint Augustine (354-430)

The second period was more Aristotelian

The Scholasticism
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274)
THEISM

ATHEISM
Jean-Paul Sartre
Karl Marx

MONISM
Baruch Spinoza

DEISM
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

IRRATIONALISM
Friedrich Nietzsche
Miquel de Unamuno

AGNOSTICISM
Immanuel Kant
MISTICISM
6.MODERN
AGE
UNIVERSE

KNOWLEDGE,
REASON,
RATIONALISM,
EMPIRISM,
SCIENCE

‘I THINK, THEREFORE I AM’

 EMPIRICISM
RATHIONALISM
IDOLS DEDUCTION
INDUCTION DUALISM
ЕXPERIENCE INNATE IDEAS

RENÉ DESCARTES
John Locke tabula rasa
“I THINK, THEREFORE I AM”
Sensualism: the senses are
the main source of knowledge (of ratio, reason)
human reason is
Solipsism: "only I exist"
the main source of knowledge
 BARUCH Substance: it exists by itself.

SPINOZA
Monism
the universe is constituted
by a single arché, cause or
primary substance

Materialism Idealism
KARL MARX GEORG HEGEL
THE COPERNICAN TURN OF INMANUEL KANT
How knowledge is possible?
Everything you see is Can metaphysics be a science?
part of the world around you,
but how you see it is determined
by the glasses you are wearing.

‘TIME’ AND ‘SPACE’

NOT ATTRIBUTES OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD

A priori: Antinomy ‘the thing in itself

what can be known without and
resorting to experience ‘the thing for me.’
7. CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD
HOME

IRRATIONALISM,
COMMUNISM,
FREEDOM,
MEANING OF LIFE,
GLOBALIZATION
‘MAN IS CONDEMNED TO BE FREE’
 1 2
Man is a bridge
Man is a social animal

Man is condemned to be free

To awaken the personality in man

3 The Fall of man

5 Karl Jaspers 6
das MAN
4 Karl Marx
Jean-Paul Sartre
Friedrich Nietzsche
Sigmund Freud
Martin Heidegger