RESEARCH DESIGN

6.53
Science Investigatory Project
GRADE 10
 RESEARCH DESIGN
The formidable problem that follows the
task of defining the research problem is
the preparation of the design of the
research project, popularly known as
the “research design.”
 (AHUJA RAM, 2010)
“A research design is the arrangement of
conditions for collection and analysis of data
in a manner that aims to combine relevance to
the research purpose with economy in
procedure.”
 (AHUJA RAM, 2010)
“It is the plan, structure and strategy of
investigation conceived so as to obtain
answer to research questions and to control
variance” “It is a blue-print for the collection,
measurement and analysis of data”
PARTS OF
RESEARCH
DESIGN
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 PARTS OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Clear The Methods to Procedures

statement of population be used in and
the research to be processing techniques
problem studied and
analyzing
data

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TYPES OF
RESEARCH
DESIGN
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 HISTORICAL DESIGN
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
- historical refers to research
research is the that provides an
systematic
collection and accurate portrayal
evaluation of data of characteristics
to describe, of a particular
explain, and
thereby TYPES OF individual,
understand actions
or events that RESEARC situation or group.
It is also known as
occurred
sometime in the H statistical research.
past

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TYPES OF
DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

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 DESCRIPTIVE-SURVEY
This type is suitable wherever the
subjects vary among themselves and
one is interested to know the extent to
which different conditions and situations
are obtained among these subjects.

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 Example: A researcher wants to determine the Job- Related Problems and
Job-Performance of Staff Nurses in Private and Government Hospitals in
the City and Province of Iloilo. He uses a questionnaire as his research
instrument and each item in the questionnaire for job-related problems may
be rated according to 4 levels to be chosen by the subjects or respondents
namely: 4- very serious problem, 3 - serious problem, 2 -fairly serious
problem, and 1- not a problem at all. From the data gathered, the researcher
tabulates, analyses, and interprets data. Then he proves the fact gathered
area of value to the researcher in particular and to the subjects in general.
He should then focus his attention to the most serious job-related problems
met by the staff nurses.
 DESCRIPTIVE-NORMATIVE
The term NORMATIVE is sometimes used
because surveys are frequently made to ascertain
the normal or typical condition for practice, or to
compare local test results with a state or national
norm. In the descriptive-normative surveys, the
results/findings of the study should be compared
with the norm

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 Example: A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the English
achievement of fourth year secondary students at the state
colleges and universities in Region 1 (Ilocos Region). An
achievement test is the instrument used to gather the data. The
results of the test are then compared with the regional norm. If the
achievement of the students is one standard deviation above
(+1SD) the mean, this means their achievement is very
satisfactory; if within the mean, satisfactory; and one standard
deviation below (-1SD) the mean, unsatisfactory and they need
improvement.
 DESCRIPTIVE-STATUS
This approach to problem solving seeks to
answer questions to real facts relating to
existing conditions. This is a technique of
quantitative description which determines the
prevailing conditions in a group of cases
chosen for study.

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A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the socio- economic
status and performances of instructors and professors of state
universities and colleges in Region 1 (Ilocos Norte). He uses a
questionnaire as instrument to gather data and requests the
subjects of the study to answer it. Based on the responses, the
researcher can determine the socioeconomic status and
performance of SUC’s universities and professors in Region 1
whether the higher the socio- economic status is, the higher the
performance will be; or the lower the socio-economic status is,
the lower the performance will be.
 DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYSIS
This method determines or describes the
nature of an object by separating it into its
parts. Its purpose is to discover the nature of
things. The researcher should determine the
composition, structure, sub-structure that
occurs as units with the larger structure.

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 A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the
job analysis of personnel in government and
private hospitals in Region 1 (Ilocos Region).
He devises a questionnaire to analyse the job of
the subjects of similar positions, function and
responsibilities and with same salary.
 DESCRIPTIVE-CLASSIFICATION

This method is employed in

natural sciences subjects. The
specimens collected are
classified from phylum to
species.
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 An investigator wishes to conduct a
taxonomic study of sea urchins in the
municipal waters of Ilocos Norte. He
collects from different research stations
and then identifies and classifies them
according to classes and species.
 DESCRIPTIVE-EVALUATIVE

This design is to appraise

carefully the worthiness of the
current study.

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 The researcher wishes to conduct a study on
evaluation of an implementation of WOW (War on
Wastes) in the Division of Zamboanga del Norte. He
devises a questionnaire which evaluates the
implementation of WOW and requests the division
and district supervisors, principals, head teachers,
and teachers as subjects of the study to respond on it.
 DESCRIPTIVE-COMPARATIVE
The researcher in this method
considers two variable (not
manipulated) and establishes a
formal procedure to compare and
conclude that one is better than other

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A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the effectiveness
of teaching English using rhetoric and content-based
approaches to Bachelor of Computer Technology students.
He uses tests as research instrument. All things are held
constant, except on the approaches of teaching used. The
two variables are rhetoric and content-based approaches.
The statistical tool used is the z-test. If significant
difference exists it means an approach is better than the
other. With no significant difference, the two approaches
are almost the same.
 CORRELATIONAL SURVEY

This method determines the

relationship between two variable, X
and Y, if the relationship is perfect,
very high, high or moderate.

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Example: The researcher wishes to correlate the
performance between English (X) and
mathematics (Y) of freshmen nursing students
in the College of Nursing at the Mariano
Marcos State University. He uses tests as
research instrument in gathering the data and
Scattergram as the statistical tool used to
determine the correlation between X and Y
 LONGITUDINAL SURVEY

This design involves much time

allotted for investigation of the same
subjects of two or more points in time.

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Example: Suppose the researcher wants to set up English
achievement pattern to elementary pupils ages 7 up to 12
at Central Elementary School. He takes a group of seven-
year-old boys and girls and records their Mathematics
achievement over regular intervals (i.e. every grading
period). The researcher follows up this work until they
reach 16 years old. Based on the data findings, the
researcher can set up Math achievement pattern from the
same group over a long period of time
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN

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– a method or procedure involving the
control or manipulation of conditions for
the purpose of studying the relative
effects of various treatments applied to
members of a sample, or of the same
treatment applied to members of
different samples. (Good, nd,p.216)

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 THREE TYPES OF VARIABLES

Dependent Independent Controlled

variables variables variables
what you are going to what you are going to what you are going
measure change to keep the same
Functions of Experimental Design
a. It provides direction during the actual
experimentation.
b. It allows a gain of maximum information relevant to
the problem at minimum cost.
c. It makes the statistical test of significance valid
because it takes into consideration all the
assumptions that went into deriving the various
statistics.

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Functions of Experimental Design
a. It provides direction during the actual
experimentation.
b. It allows a gain of maximum information relevant to
the problem at minimum cost.
c. It makes the statistical test of significance valid
because it takes into consideration all the
assumptions that went into deriving the various
statistics.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
1. REPLICATION
2. RANDOMIZATION
3. LOCAL GROUP
REPLICATION

It refers to repetition of the basic

experiment.

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RANDOMIZATION
It is the assignment of the experimental units to
the treatment or vice versa by chance. It ensures
a valid or unbiased estimate or population
parameters, e.g., mean and differences between
treatments. It ensures the validity of the statistical
test of significance.

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LOCAL CONTROL
– It refers to the balancing, grouping
and blocking of the experimental
units that are employed in the
adopted design.

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