YEAR 9

GEOLOGY
02 FAULTS AND
FOLDS
MRS HINGORANI
LEARNING GOALS

 DEFINE the term “Fault”

 Understand how faults and folds are formed
 Identify anticline and syncline
LAST LESSON RECAP
HOW DO
SCIENTISTS
KNOW
ABOUT THE
COMPOSITI
ON OF THE
EARTH?
Layers of the
Earth—What
are they?
How were
they found?
FOLDS IN ROCKS • The folds of the rocks near
the village of St. Paul and
the sandhills (Greece) are
remarkably colorful.

• Caused by compressional forces.

• Two parts:
• Anticline (upfold)
• Crust moves upward to form a hill
• Syncline (downfold)
• Crust moves downwards forming a valley
 •a break or crack in Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred.
FAULTS IN ROCKS •Three parts of a Fault include:
• Hanging Wall - the top part of the rock above the fault plane.
• Foot Wall - the bottom part of the rock below the fault plane.
• Fault Plane - the surface that separates the two moving pieces
NORMAL FAULT

• formed when there is a stretching

force. (tension)
• Hanging wall drops
REVERSE FAULT

• formed when there is a

compressional force.
• Hanging wall moves up relative to the
foot wall
STRIKE-SLIP
FAULT

• formed by shearing forces (side to

side movement)
• No vertical movement
CHALLENGE QUESTION:
WITH THE AID OF A CLEARLY LABELLED DIAGRAM,
DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A NORMAL FAULT
AND A REVERSE FAULT.

•A normal fault is formed when tensional forces

cause movement within Earth’s crust. The
hanging wall moves down with respect to the
foot wall.
•A reverse fault is formed when compressional
forces cause movement within Earth’s crust and
the hanging wall move up in relation to the foot
wall.
INTERESTING
FACT OF THE
LESSON

Journey to the centre

of the earth:
Movies like "Journey
to the centre of the
earth" based on the
book written by
Frenchman Jules
Verne in 1864
ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITY

• Optional activity to do at home