Unique Prime

Factorization
Theorem 4.1 (Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic/Unique Factorization Theorem)
Every integer is a product of primes in one and only
one way, apart from the order of the factors.

Exercise: Prove Theorem 4.1

Canonical Form of an Integer
If , then

where are not distinct primes.

where are distinct primes and .

Definition 4.1
Let . The least common multiple of and denoted by is
the positive integer m satisfying the following;
i. and
ii. If and , then .

Exercise:
Find
Theorem 4.2
Let .

then,
Theorem 4.3
If and , then .

Exercise: Find and .

Primality Test
1. Given
2. Approximate to the nearest integer.
3. Test if a prime is a divisor of
4. If no prime can divide , then is prime.

Exercise
Test if 299 is prime.
Theorem 4.4
The set of primes is infinite.

Fermat’s Prime
is prime if is a power of 2.

Mersenne’s Prime
is prime iff is prime.
Number Theoretic Function
A function whose domain is the set of positive integers.
Definition 4.2
Let . Then
number of positive divisors of
sum of positive divisors of
Example: Find
Note:
We can write

(as runs through positive integers that divide )

Note:
1. iff is prime
2. iff is prime
Theorem 4.5
Let be the canonical form (prime factorization) of .
Then, the positive divisors of n are precisely those
integers of the form

where ,
Theorem 4.6
Let be prime and positive integer. Then

and

Example: Find and .

Theorem 4.7
Let be positive integer.

Then,
Exercise:
1. Find .
2. If and are twin primes, prove that .
Definition 4.3
If is a positive integer and , then is called a perfect
number.
Example: Show that 6 and 28 are perfect numbers.
Theorem 4.8
The positive integer is an even perfect number iff
where is an integer s. t. and is prime.
Definition 4.3
If , is deficient.
If , is abundant

Exercise: Give examples of deficient and abundant

integers.
Definition 4.4
If is -perfect
If is -abundant
If , then n is superperfect.
Exercise: Give examples of -perfect, -abundant, and
superperfect integers.
Definition 4.5
If , then and are amicable pair.
Exercise: Show that 220 and 284 are amicable pair.