Understanding the

Menstruation Cycle
The menstruation cycle is a vital part of female reproductive health and is often shrouded in
mystery and misconceptions. A detailed exploration of this cycle not only raises awareness but
also supports the well-being of individuals experiencing it. Comprising a series of physiological
changes in the female body, it paves the way for fertility and reflects a complex interplay of
hormones. These orchestrated cycles can also be a barometer for overall health, making their
understanding crucial.)

There are various phases to the menstrual cycle, each characterized by specific hormonal
changes and bodily processes. Recognizing the different stages can empower individuals to
anticipate physical sensations, thus better managing their monthly experiences. From
fluctuations in mood to physical symptoms and the use of hygiene products, this natural
occurrence encompasses a wide range of experiences. By debunking common myths and
providing scientific insight, we can foster an educated and empathetic society towards
menstruation.

by Josh and Alija

Phases of the Menstruation Cycle

1 Menstrual Phase
The cycle commences with the menstrual phase, marking the first day when bleeding starts. It's
the most visible phase, where the thickened uterine lining is shed if no pregnancy has occurred.

2 Follicular Phase
Overlapping with menstruation, the follicular phase involves the pituitary gland releasing follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), stimulating the ovaries to prepare an egg for ovulation.

3 Ovulation Phase
Mid-cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of an egg from the ovary. This
is the ovulation phase, where fertility peaks.

4 Luteal Phase
Following ovulation, the luteal phase begins. The body prepares for a potential pregnancy.
Progesterone rises, preparing the uterine lining for implantation, which if not utilized, leads back
to menstruation.
Hormonal Changes During the Cycle
Estrogen Progesterone FSH and LH

Estrogen, predominately during Progesterone levels peak during Follicle-stimulating Hormone

the follicular phase, promotes the luteal phase, readying the (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone
the rebuilding of the uterine uterus for potential pregnancy (LH) peak to trigger ovulation,
lining and regulates other and maintaining the uterine playing a crucial role in
hormones. lining. releasing the egg from the ovary.
Common Symptoms and Experiences
1 Physical Symptoms
The onset of the cycle can
bring bloating, cramps, and
fatigue, largely due to
hormonal shifts and the
contractions of the uterine
muscles to shed its lining.
2 Emotional Changes 3 Varied Experiences
Individuals may
Fluctuations in hormone experience different
levels can also influence symptoms, some
mood, potentially leading encountering headaches or
to premenstrual syndrome tender breasts, others
(PMS), which includes noting changes in appetite
emotional irritability and or digestion.
feeling low.
Menstrual Hygiene Products
Sanitary Pads and
Liners
Among the earliest developed
menstrual hygiene products,
sanitary pads and liners are
external products adhering to
underwear, absorbing
menstrual flow.
Tampons
Tampons, inserted into the
vagina, are preferred for their
discretion and suitability for
active lifestyles, but require
regular changing to mitigate
health risks.
Menstrual Cups
A sustainable alternative,
menstrual cups collect rather
than absorb menstrual fluid
and can be reused after proper
cleaning, lessening
environmental impact.
Managing Menstrual Pain and
Discomfort
Pain Relievers
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can alleviate cramps
by reducing prostaglandin production, thus lessening pain.

Heat Therapy
Applying heat, via a hot water bottle or heating pad, to the lower abdomen can soothe
muscles and reduce menstrual cramps.

Lifestyle Changes
Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and ensuring ample rest are pivotal in
managing symptoms and promoting overall menstrual health.
Irregularities and Potential Health Concerns

Condition Symptoms Implications

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Irregular periods, weight gain, Can affect fertility and increase
(PCOS) acne risk for diabetes

Endometriosis Painful periods, pain during May require surgical

intercourse, infertility intervention; affects life quality

Uterine Fibroids Heavy bleeding, prolonged Non-cancerous growths that

periods, pelvic pressure may need medical treatment
Self-care and Support During Menstruation

Rest and Relaxation Nutrition and Hydration Community Support

Ensuring adequate rest and
creating a cozy environment can
help in reducing stress and
alleviating menstrual symptoms,
aiding in better cycle
management.
A diet rich in iron and vitamins,
alongside staying hydrated, can
combat fatigue and replenish
nutrients lost through menstrual
blood.
Having a supportive network to
discuss menstrual health openly
can combat stigma and provide
emotional support during
challenging times.