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Philosophy
Course Outline
A. Meaning of Philosophy
B. Goals of Philosophy
C.Scope of Philosophy
D. Importance of Philosophy
E.Philosophical Methods
F.Divisions of Philosophy
G.Relation to the other Discipline
H. Nature of Religion
I. Nature of Reality
J. Nature of Value
A. Meaning of
Philosophy
1. Common Definition
2. Etymology
Etymology- or etymological definition of Philosophy
-derived for Greek words etimos and logos
Etimos-root, origin, cause, basis, history
Logos-study
Etymology-study of the history of the word
Philosophy comes from the Geek Words Philia and Sofia.
Sofia-wisdom
Philia-love, desire for, interest in
Philia and Sofia join by Pythagoras-600 B.C.
Episteme-means knowledge
Wisdom-defining deeply, wise, according to etymology
-is an awareness of something which is basic.
-knowledge of the basic principle.
Knowledge-is only a million formation
-simple data that comes from the outside that pass to our
senses.
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A. Meaning of Philosophy
3. Connotation
3 Categories:
1. Intellectual/Mental Experience
2. Physical or Material Experience
3. Spiritual or Divine Experience
5. Concrete Definition
6. Philosophers’ definition
Knower---know ability----known
Know-it is to be perceived
Knower-the ability to perceive/perceiver
Truth-source of knowledge
Know ability-connect the know and knower.
Product of knowledge
value in life.
3. Philosophy examines the relationship
between individuals and the society as
well as humanity and nature.
4. Wisdom-main goal of Philosophy
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C. Scope of
Philosophy
validity of knowledge
Validity-in accordance with the majority
Acceptable to the majority
criteria of beauty
Beauty-conditions that brings drive, interests,
desirability, attraction, appeal to our senses.
Kinds of Language
-Oral Language
-Written Language
-Sign Language
-Body Language
-Electronic Language- combination of sign and
written language
Analysis
-most outstanding tool of philosophy
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E. Philosophical Methods
Reflection
-is the voice within us
-the examination of ourselves, most serious tool
of philosophy
-the spiritual tool of philosophy
Discernment-is listening to the spirit of god and voice
of holy spirit
Mediation-thinking about something i relation to god.
Contemplation-putting yourself in center of universe
1. Systematic Philosophy
Classifications:
Pure Philosophy- is not based on observation but
purely based on the mind
A.1. Metaphysics
Ontology
(from the Greek ὄν, genitive ὄντος: of being <neuter
participle of εἶναι: to be> and -λογία, -logia: science,
study, theory) is the philosophical study of the nature of
being, existence or reality in general, as well as of the
basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally
listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known
as metaphysics, ontology deals with questions
concerning what entities exist or can be said to exist, and
how such entities can be grouped, related within a
hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and
differences.
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F. Divisions of Philosophy
Cosmology
(from Greek κοσμολογία - κόσμος, kosmos,
"universe"; and -λογία, -logia, "study") is the study of
the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanity's
place in it. Though the word cosmology is recent (first
used in 1730 in Christian Wolff's Cosmologia Generalis),
study of the universe has a long history involving
science, philosophy, esotericism, and religion.
A.2. Epistemology
What is knowledge?
How is knowledge acquired?
What do people know?
How do we know what we know?
Why do we know what we know?
A.3. Theodicy
B. Practical Philosophy
B.1. Logic
B.2. Aesthetic
B.3. Semantics
B.4. Ethics
Differences:
Philosophy-make a disagreement
-comparable to different fields of studies
-because of philosophy, we are motivated to think more. It
demonstrate than there is the existence of god.
-It is inquiring the existence of everything
Similarities:
-They both answer questions
-both share a significant role
-they both seek to discover the truth
-both of them satisfy our curiosity
-both of them provoke further questions
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G. Relations to the other Discipline
Relationship:
-because of religion there is philosophy
-philosophical questions are based on religion
-more on emotion
Religious questions
A philosopher of religion does not ask "What is God?",
for such is a complex question in that it assumes the existence
of God and that God has a knowable nature. Instead, a
philosopher of religion asks whether there are sound reasons
to think that God does or does not exist.
Existence of God
Arguments for and against the existence of God have
been proposed by scientists, philosophers, theologians, and
others. In philosophical terminology, "existence-of-God"
arguments concern schools of thought on the epistemology of
the ontology of God.
A wide variety of arguments exist which can be
categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective.
Although rarely studied scientifically given the generally held
belief of religion and science as non-overlapping magisterial,
the question of the existence of God is subject to lively debate
both in philosophy— the philosophy of religion being almost
entirely devoted to the question — and in popular culture.
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G. Relations to the other Discipline
Concern of Religion
The one-word answer for "What is hidden at first,
but then revealed by loose cognition?" is "determinism"
or "Fatedness", not "unity" or "consciousness". The
word "determinism" lends itself better to having these
ideas attached, than the word "unity" or "love" or
"consciousness" or "enlightenment". Enlightenment
amounts to determinism, more than enlightenment is
unity or consciousness.
1. Definition
Etymology
It comes form the latin word re which means “back,
again” and ligare which means “to bind”
The word religion is derived from Latin "religio" (what
attaches or retains, moral bond, anxiety of self-consciousness,
scruple) used by the Romans, before Jesus Christ, to indicate
the worship of the demons.
The origin of "religion" is debated since antiquity. Cicero said
it comes from "relegere" (to read again, to re-examine
carefully, to gather) in the
meaning "to carefully consider the things related to the
worship of gods".
Denotation
Religion is a moral virtue indication relation and duties of
god.
Common (e.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam)
Judaism- “promotion of humanity” is their way of philosophy
Taakh-secret book of Judaism
Toah-first part of Taakh
Christianity-have a different miracles, love is their philosophy
tanakh= +old testament=new testament/bible
Buddhism-equality-the summary of religion of Buddhism
The summary of their practical book which is “tripitaka”-secret
book of Buddhism
Back to course outline
H. Nature of Religion
2. Origin
Ethics
Aesthetics