SYSTEM CONCEPTS

The word ‘System’ is derived from the Greek word ‘systema’ which
means an organized relationship among functioning units or
components.”

A system is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked

together according to a plan to achieve a specific purpose.

• System is a group of components.

• The components are interdependent.
• The components are linked together to achieve a specific purpose .
 ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
Input : A system feeds on input to produce output in much the
same way that a business brings in human, financial, and
material resources to produce goods and services.
Processors : It is the operational component of a system. The
processor is the element of a system that involves the actual
transformation of input in to output.

Output : something produced

Control : The control element guides the system. It is the decision
making sub-system that controls the pattern of activities
governing input, processing and output.

Feedback : Feedback measures output against a standard.

Environment : The environment is the “super system” within which

an organisation operates. It is the environment that determines
how a system must function.

Boundaries and interface : A system should be defined by it’s

boundaries– the limits that identify it’s components, processes
and interrelationships when it interfaces with another system.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SYSTEM
Interdependence : Independence means that parts of the
organization or computer system depend on one another.

Organization :Organization implies structure and order. It is the

arrangement of components that helps to achieve objectives.

Interaction : Interaction refers to the manner in which each

component interact with other components of the system. In an
organization, for example purchasing must interact with
production, advertising with sales and payroll with personnel .
Integration : Integration is concerned with how a system is
tied together. It means that parts of the system work
together within the system even though each part
performs a unique function.

Central Objective : Objective may be real or stated.

Objective is determined by higher management and user
must be aware about the central objective well in
advance.
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
CONCEPTUAL AND EMPIRICAL

NATURAL AND MANUFACTURED

SOCIAL,PEOPLE-MACHINE AND MACHINE

CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS

ADAPTIVE AND NON ADAPTIVE

DETERMINISTIC AND PROBABILISTIC SYSTEMS

PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY SYSTEM

STATIONARY AND NON STATIONARY SYSTEM

SUBSYSTEMS AND SUPER SYSTEMS

 CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

CATEGORIES OF
INFORMATION
SYSTEM

TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT DECISION EXECUTIVE EXPERT

PROCESSING INFORMATION SUPPORT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM (EIS)
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
 SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT

System Enhancement means a material

enhancement or modification to, any system,
hardware, application or functionality of the
First Data System,
An enhancement is any product change or
upgrade that increases software or hardware
capabilities beyond original client
specifications. Enhancements allow software
and hardware product performance scalability.
 In general, product
enhancements include:

Error/bug repair and

Additional functionality
handling

Greater processing Better cross-platform

speed compatibility